Hama dzeStrugatsky, dzine mazita akasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana, vane nyanzvi vanyori vezvinyorwa zvezvesayenzi vakakwanisa kuudza vaverengi izvo Soviet Union yaisafanira kutaura nezvazvo. Nhoroondo yavo yakatanga muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Ipapo Strugatsky aigara muLeningrad. Vakoma vane makore masere ekusiyana. Asi, pasinei neizvi, Strugatsky aigara ari mhuri yepedyo. Hama, dzakaparadzana kubva paupenyu, nguva dzose dzakadzoka zvakare. Saka, chii chinyorwa chezvivaraidzo izvi zvakanaka, vanyori vezvinyorwa, vanyori vechokwadi veSoviet science fiction? Vakagadzira sei mabhuku kuti vave vanyori vanozivikanwa zvikuru veRussia svenhema, zvose zviri pedyo uye kure kune dzimwe nyika? Sei vachizonzi zvese madzitateguru eSayenzi Fiction, kunyanya Soviet uye, zvakare, Russian? Chikonzero nei basa ravo rakaoma kufungidzira, uye kunyange zvakaoma kufungidzira nyika yesayenzi yenhema kunze kwehama dzaStrugatsky.
Mukuru mukoma Arkady Natragovich Strugatsky. Akazvarwa musi waAugust 28, 1925 muguta reBatumi. Nokukurumidza vabereki vake vakatamira kuLeningrad, kwavakagara kweupenyu hwavo hwose. Vabereki vehama dzaStrugatsky vakadzidza uye vakangwara vanhu. Baba vangu vaiva muongorori wemifananidzo, uye amai vangu vaiva mudzidzisi. Apo hondo yakatanga, Arkady akanga atova nemakore gumi nemakore, saka akashanda pakuvakwa kwemasvingo, ayo aifanirwa kudzivirira guta kubva kune veGermany vapanduki. Ipapo murume wacho akapa basa rake kuMamare ake mune rimwe grenade workshop. Muna 1942, apo Leningrad yakavharidzirwa, Arkady akakwanisa kubuda nababa vake, asi motokari yakagadziriswa uye iye chete akapona pane vose vakanga varipo. Zvechokwadi, kune mukomana yaive ichirova, asi panguva iyoyo pakange pasina nguva yekuchema nekufunganya. Akaviga baba vake muguta reVologda. Akabva aenda kuChkalov (nhasi Orenburg), ndokubva apera muTashle. Ikoko akashanda pamusangano wekugamuchira mukaka, uye muna 1943 yakanyorerwa muuto. Arkady akapedza chikoro cheAktobe chikoro, asi haana kusvika kumberi. Murume uyu aine nhanho, nokuti panzvimbo yekurwa, mugore ra1943 akatumirwa kuMoscow, kwaaifanira kudzidza paMilitary Institute Foreign Foreign Languages. Uyu uyu akapedza kudzidza muna 1949. Akanga ari muturikiri weChirungu neJapan. Akabva ava mudzidzisi paChikoro cheChirungu cheVashanduri veMasoja. Nemhaka yehukuru hwake, mukuru wehama dzaStrugatsky aifanira kufamba zvakawanda. Akakwanisa kushanda semuturikiri wezvemashure muFar East uye akafambidzana chete muna 1955. Kubvira panguva iyoyo Arcadia akatanga kunyora. Mukuwedzera pakusika zvinyorwa uye manyozha, akabvumirana nemukoma wake, akashanda mu "Abstract Journal", uye akazova mhariri muDetgiz uye Gospolitizdat. Zvinosuruvarisa, Arcady Strugatsky akararama kwemakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu chete. Kune munyori ane tarenda yakadaro iyi nguva pfupi yakakwana iyo zvisingabviri kuona zvose pfungwa uye zvinyorwa zvinouya mupfungwa. Zvechokwadi, Arkady, pamwe chete nemukoma wake, akasika nyaya dzakawanda dzakasiyana, dzakaverengwa nemarudzi akawanda. Asi, zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti tinenge tine mienzaniso inoshamisa zvikuru yezvesayenzi kana upenyu hweArkady Natanovich Strugatsky husina kuguma musi waOctober 12, 1991.
Asi munun'una wake, Boris Natugovich Strugatsky, anorarama uye anorarama kusvikira nhasi. Boris akaberekwa musi waApril 15, 1933. Vabereki vehama panguva iyoyo vakange vagara vari muLeningrad, saka Boris aigona kuzviona ari munhu wekugara weguta rino. Iye, semukoma wake, akadzingwa kubva kuLeningrad yakakombwa, asi chete nedzimwe chitima, pamwechete naamai vake. Semwana, akakwanisa kuona chando chakaipa zvikuru cheLeningrad yakakombwa. Mushure mokunge hondo yapera, akadzokera kumusha kwake. Ikoko akanyoresa kuLeningrad State University muDhipatimendi reMechanics neMathematics uye akagamuchira diploma mumayendisiti. Pane imwe nguva, Boris akashanda paPulkovo Observatory. Asi, mushure mokunge hama iyi idzoka kubva kuFar East, Strugatsky vakatumira kumashure mabasa avo uye vakatanga kushingairira kuita zvisikwa. Saka, kare muna 1960, Boris aiva nhengo yeVanyori 'Union. Nenzira, hama dzisiri kunyora zvinyorwa uye nhoroondo, asi zvakare dzakashandura American science fiction. Pano chete pasi peshanduro dzavakasayina kwete seStrugatsky, asi sa S. Pobedin na S. Vitin. Kusvika iye zvino, Boris Strugatsky ndiye musoro wemusangano wevechidiki vanyori vanyengeri vanyori muSt. Petersburg Writers 'Organization. Anopa chizvarwa chiduku ruzivo uye unyanzvi hwavo munzvimbo ino yemabhuku, kuitira kuti vanyori vemazuva ano vanyengeri vese vanogona kugadzira semabasa akasimba uye anofadza sezvavakashandisa kugadzira nehama inotya.
Nenzira, kubudirira kwaStrugatsky kwakauya nekukurumidza. Kare kare muna 1960, zvakadai se "Matanho Matanhatu" (1959), "Kuedza TFR" (1960), "Inonzi Assumptions" (1960) yakataurwa. Strugatsky's special feature yaiva psychology yakakura yevanyori. Pakutanga vaSoviet vanyori vezvinyorwa zvenhema vakanga vasinganyatsofungi nezvekuumba vanhu vese vakazara nematambudziko avo uye zvakaitika. Uye vaStrugatskys vakavapa manzwiro nemanzwiro, vakapa mukana wokutsanangura kuti sei vachiita izvi uye zvavanoda kana vasingadi maererano nenyika yavo. Mukuwedzera, Strugatsky akatanga kutaurira nyika yeramangwana, iyo hainawo kuratidza Soviet science fiction, kusiyana nevatorwa. Vakanyora zvinyorwa zvakadai se "Picnic paMugwagwa" uye "Chigara Chitsuwa". Aya mabhuku akazvidzivirira anokwanisa kutumidzwa zvakanaka. Uye hama dzaStrugatsky dzinonzi dzakakodzera madzimambo esayenzi fungidziro.