Utachiona hunopfurikidzwa nemadonhwe emhepo ane madonhwe emucheka uye sali kana achikanganiswa. Chikonzero chikuru chekusimudzirwa kwemararamiro epartusis ndedzeksi yakaderedzwa ne pertussis. Iyo pathogen pachayo inochengetwa mu mucous membrane yemugwagwa wekupumha. Zvose zvakajeka nezvechirwere ichi chauchawana munyaya yehurukuro inoti "Kufuridzirwa nekukanganiswa: zviratidzo, zviratidzo, kurapa".
Kuberekwa kwebhakitiriya
Utachiona hunofambidzana ne hyperproduction ye mucus uye kupfugama kwemukasi wechipfupa chepumusoro. Sekuwedzera kwebhakitiriya, izvi zvinoitika zvinopfuurira. Kuwedzera kwakanyanya mumascus kunogona kutungamirira pakuvhara mu lumen yebronchi uye kuwa kwemapapu. Mukuwedzera, zvinopesana nedzimwe nzvimbo dze pertussis zvinogona kukura hutachiona hwechipiri nekutanga kwepneumonia.
Epidemiology
Pertussis yakapararira kwose kwose pasi pose. Zvimwe zviitiko zvechirwere ichi zvinogara zvakanyorwa, asi zvinogona kutora mararamiro ezvirwere. Nguva yekudzivirira inowanzosvika mazuva manomwe kubvira panguva yekutachiona. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanhu vanogara munzvimbo yakakomberedzwa, dambudziko rekugadziriswa nevanhu rinonyanya kukwirira. Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, pakave nekuderedza kukuru kwehutachiona hwekuparara munyika dzenyika dzekuMadokero nekuda kwekuchinja munharaunda yezvematongerwe enyika uye, gare gare, kuvhara muviri.
Kune zvikamu zvitatu mukukudzivirira kwehutachiona:
- catarrhal - inopedza inenge vhiki uye inoratidzirwa ne subfebrile kutsetseka, nekusanganiswa kwemazamu nekunyunyisa. Zviratidzo zvakaratidzwa munguva ino hazvisi zvakasiyana nezviratidzo zvekumwe kunotonhora;
- paroxysmal - inoguma kubva pamasvondo maviri kusvika kuchina uye inoratidzwa nekurwiswa kwekukanganiswa kwekukanganiswa, izvo zvinogona kupera kusvika kumaminitsi makumi maviri nemakumi matatu. Munguva yekurwisa mwana haana nguva yekufema, saka pakuguma kwayo unhu hunoputika (kudzorera) hunonzwika;
- chikamu che convalescence - chinogona kupedza vhiki dzinoverengeka, panguva iyo chikwata chekukanganiswa chinopera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nguva yakareba yekuramba yakakoromora inotsanangura zita rechirwere ichi muChinese - "kuputika kwemazuva zana".
Nzira yakaipisisa yekukandira chifuva inowanikwa muvana vaduku. Vanowanzotarisirwa muchipatara nokuda kwechirwere ichi. Mucheche, kliniki yemifananidzo ye pertussis inogona kusiyanisa neyechikoro. Kurwiswa kunowanzosafambidzana nekudzoka, kunoratidzwa nenguva dzepnea (kwenguva pfupi kufema kufema) uye kunya. Vana vevana vane chifuva chinoputika kazhinji vanoda kuperesa kudya. Pertussis kazhinji inokonzera zvinetso zvakakomba, kunyanya kune vana mumwedzi yokutanga yehupenyu.
Chirwere chinonzi chiremera chinonyanyozivikanwa zvikuru chekukandira chifukidziro chinokonzerwa nea pertussis kana yechipiri bhakitiriya chirwere. Kukanganiswa kweuropi - kushivirira matambudziko makuru kunokura nekuwedzera kwechisimba chisingaiti pamwe chete ne hypoxia panguva yekukanganiswa. Vanogona kuratidza sepasimasi kana kuputika kweuropi (encephalitis). Zvenguva refu zvinosanganisira kuora mitezo, kushaya maziso nekunzwa kutadza, pamwe nekuderedza simba rekudzidza. Kusanganiswa kwekudzivirira muviri - kuwedzerwa kwezvinyorwa zvinoputika kana kukwezva kunogona kutungamirira kumakumbo maduku eropa eziso. Nasal kubuda ropa - inobatanidza nekuputsika kwemidziyo miduku mumumvuri wemvura. Kuchengetedza kwemapapu - kwenguva yakareba pneumonia, yakave yakagadzirirwa kupikisa pertussis, inogona kutungamirira kubronchiectasis (kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwemhepo). Nokuti kukwezva chifukidziro kunoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwakakosha muhuwandu hwemarikirini muhutachiwana hwehutano, asi izvi zvinowanikwa pamwe nehupi hwehutachiona uye hausi chiratidzo chaicho. Kunyatsoongororwa kunoitwa pamusana pemaitiro emutachiona kubva kumasopharynx.
Chiratidzo chepathogen
Kuoma kwemhando iyi yekuongororwa ndeyokuti chiitiko chakanaka chinowanzowanikwa chete pakutanga (catarrhal) nzvimbo yechirwere, apo chipatara chinyorwa hachipi chikonzero chokufungidzira pertussis. Nenguva iyo kushungurudzika kunova pachena, mikana yekuziva kuti pathogen iri pasi pe50%. Mukuwedzera, smear inofanira kutorwa kubva kumasopharynx (uye kwete kubva mumvura yakadzika) uye inounzwa ku laboratori nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, zvisinei kuti zviduku zvinowanikwa mairi zvingafa. Kutsunga kweDNA kuenzaniswa kwehutachiona neCPR (polymerase chain reaction) inzira inonyanya kukunda kupfuura kuvhara mabhakitiriya anorarama. Chiyero chakadaro chinogona kuva nzira yakakwana yekutsvaga kuputika kwekukandira mune ramangwana.
Kurapa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya hakuiti maitiro emakiriniki ekuparadisis, sezvo asingabatanidzwi nemaabhakitiriya ivo pachavo, asi nehupfu hwovanotendera. Zvisinei, chirongwa che erythromycin chinobatsira kupfupisa nguva iyo murwere anopararira kune vamwe. Nehutano hwakagadziriswa hwekukandira chifukidziro, munhu wese aive akabatana nemurwere (kunyanya vana vegore rokutanga rehupenyu) inoratidzwa nzira yekudzivirira ye erythromycin.
Kutsigira mushonga
Zviyero Zviyero zvinotsigira zvinoitwa, somuenzaniso, kuvimbisa kudya kwakakwana. Kuziva zvikamu zvepnea kana oxygen deaguration (kuderedza ropa mukati memhepo), kunyatsoongorora kufema kunokosha. Apo vana vane pertussis vari muchipatara, kupera kwekudzivirira kwega kunopiwa. Kana zvichifungidzirwa nezvehutachiona hwechipiri, imwe yendo yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inorayirwa. Kuita zvirwere zvevana vaduku kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuitika. Munyika dzakawanda, chirwere chinonzi pertussis chikamu chekudzivirira katatu DTP (kupikisa pertussis, diphtheria uye tetanus) inotungamirirwa katatu. Yakawanikwa kuti anticoagulant chikamu chechirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera migumisiro yechirwere (kubva pakuenzanisa kusvika kune yakaoma). Post-vaccination complications inogona kusiyana kubva kune subfebrile uye hyperemia panzvimbo yejojo kune zvinokonzerwa neurologic zvakakomba nekukuvara kweuropi (mune zvisingawanzoitika). Muma1970, kutya kwezvinokonzerwa nengozi dzekudzivirira kwakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwezvirwere. Panguva imwe chete, pakanga paine kuwedzerwa kwezviitiko zvekukandira chifukidziro kuvana vane kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezviitiko zvezvinetso zvinokonzerwa naro. Iye zvino tinoziva kuti pertussis, zviratidzo, zviratidzo, kurapwa kwechirwere ichi.