Zviratidzo zve autism zvinogona kuwanika muvana vaduku, asi kuongororwa kunoratidzwa KUCHINYE apo mwana anosvika pazera remakore 4-5. Autism inenge iri mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kunyange kuoma kwezviratidzo zvinorwadza zvinogona kusiyana zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvozvo zvinokonzera maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemwana autism hazvisati zvazivikanwa. Vose vana vane autism vane matambudziko muzvinhu zvakadaro zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva se:
- kutaura;
- kukurukurirana;
- mufambiro.
Kukurukurirana
Vose vana vane autism vanowana unyanzvi hwemutauro zvakasimba, vatove vachiri vaduku matambudziko ekukurukurirana anooneka. Hafu yevako haisi kukura kukwanisa kuratidza manzwiro avo uye manzwiro avo nerubatsiro rwetauro. Mwana anotendeseka haaedzi kukurukurirana, somuenzaniso, kuburikidza ne agukanya uye kubata vana. Zvimwe zvikamu zvekutaura zvinokura muvana vakadaro, asi kazhinji zvinowanzoita basa rinochengetedza kwavari - mwana anotanga kutadza kutaura kusina matauro kana kutaura kwake kunongoratidzika mune zvakasikwa, apo anodzokorora asingagumi mazwi anotaurwa nevamwe, asinganzwisisi zvaanoreva. Nemhaka yezvinetso zvekutaura, vana vane autism vangaita sevanokanganisa uye vasina hanya. Vane dambudziko mukushandisa mazita echimiro, semuenzaniso, vanogona kutaura pamusoro pavo mumunhu wechitatu uye, sekutonga, havazivi kuti vangachengeta sei hurukuro. Pakupedzisira, vana vakadaro havatombokwanisi kutamba mitambo inoda kuvapo kwekugadzirisa nekufungidzira. Dambudziko rakakomba kuvana vevististic kutaura kune vamwe vanhu; mufambiro wavo, kunyanya, unoratidzwa nezvinhu zvinotevera:
- Havasi kune maitiro ekudziya manzwiro, kunyanya mumuviri wenyama.
- Havakwanisi kunzwisisa kuti munhu anofunga sei uye anonzwa sei.
- Kunyange kana vakagumburwa, havaedzi kuwana nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ekurwisana.
- Vanodzivisa kuona mumwe munhu muziso.
Somugumisiro wezvipingamupinyi izvi, mwana anonyadzisira haazvifungidziri kuvakira ukama humwe nevamwe vanhu uye akapararira zvikuru.
Zviratidzo zvekuita
Vana vanotambura neA autism vanoedza kuzvidzora ivo pachavo uye nyika yose yakapoteredza kusvika pakurongeka kwakasimba uye inogumbura zvikuru kana ichivhunika. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti havana kukwanisa kunzwisisa kukosha kwezviitiko zvinowanikwa navo uye kutarisa zvavanogona kuguma nazvo; Nzira yakagadziriswa inoita senzira yekudzivirira nzira yekuti vadzivise kushamiswa kunokonzera kuti vatambure. Vana vane chiremera vane uwandu hushoma hwenharaunda, kazhinji vanoona rumwe rutivi rwechibatanidzi kune chimwe chinhu, asi kwete kune munhu kana imwe sangano rehupenyu. Mitambo yavo yakashata, inokura maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. Dzimwe nguva vana vakadai vanogona kudzokorora zvisingabatsiri zviito, somuenzaniso, kupoteredza kana kupoteredza minwe yavo.
Kugadzirisa maitiro
Pamwe pamwe nevakanyorwa maitiro, vamwe vana vari autistic. Unogona kuratidza kushanda kusingaoneki kune kunhuhwirira, mifananidzo yakaonekwa uye mhere. Munhu mumwe nomumwe angasaita zvachose kune zvinorwadza zvinotambudza kana kunyange kuwana kufara pakuzvikonzera marwadzo. Autism chirwere chisingaregi, uye kana mwana akaonekwa, anoda chirongwa chekudzidzisa munhu chinosanganisira boka revanyanzvi. Kugadzirisa maitiro uye kushungurudzika kwekunetseka, chirwere chetsika chinogona kudiwa. Autism inowanikwa kune vakomana 3-4 kazhinji kakawanda kupfuura kuvasikana. Uyezve, kusiyana kwepabonde mukupararira kwehutano uku kunonyanya kutaurwa pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira yekuchenjera; mune boka revana vane pasi IQ, chiyero chevakomana nevanasikana vanotambura neA autism inenge yakafanana. Muhafu yevanhu vevotistic, chiyero chekuchenjera chinoratidza kuputsa kwekwanisi yekudzidzira kubva pamatambudziko akaenzana kupedza kudzidza. Vane 10-20% vane uwandu hwakakwana hwekudzidza kwemazuva ose. Kuvandudzwa kwe autism hakufanani nehukama hwehupfumi hwemhuri yemwana anorwara.
Special Capabilities
Muzhinji, autism inowanzoonekwa kune vana vane urema hwekudzidza. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanozviti autistic vane unyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana, hwakadai sevasingawanzofungidziri. Inenge 10-30% yevarwere vane autism nguva nenguva pane kuora mwoyo kunotambudza. Kana mwana akaonekwa kuti ane autism, vamwe vomumhuri vanoda rubatsiro rwevanyori vanofanira kuvadzidzisa kuti vanzwisise murwere uye vaite maererano naye. Zvakakosha kuti kurovedzwa kwemwana we autistic kunoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kwaari. Kune zvikoro zvakasarudzwa zvine nguva yakagadziriswa uye kusimbiswa kwekutenga mutauro uye unyanzvi hwokukurukura nevana.
Nzira dzokurapa
Kurapa kwehutano kwakagadzirirwa kukudziridza hukama hwemagariro anogamuchirwa mumwana, pamwe nekudzivisa zviito uye tsika dzinopesana nedzidzo yekudzidza, zvakadai sokuzvikuvadza kana kuvhara-kusagadzirisa tsika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kurapwa kunoshandiswawo, asi mune zvishoma zvishoma: fenfluramine inorayirwa kuti idzivise zviitiko zvisingaverengeki zvakare; nokuda kwekubviswa kwekuwedzera kwekuita-haloperidol kana pimozide. Imwe yenzira, yakanzi musayendisiti wechiJapan ainzi Higashi (anonziwo "mararamiro ezuva nezuva"), anosanganisira kusanganiswa kwemimhanzi uye unyanzvi ane basa rakasimba rekuita muviri kuitira kudzidzisa mwana nzira yekutevedzera munzvimbo inozivikanwa, yakanyatsogadziriswa. Basa rinokosha mukurapa rinowedzerwa nokutaura uye mutauro wemishonga. Mukusangana nevana vasingashandisi mutauro zvachose, dzimwe nzira dzesimba dzinoshandiswa pakuita kuti kukurukurirana uye kubatana nemwana.
Zvinokonzera Autism
Kubva pakuziva kuti autism yakabatana zvikuru nekudzivirira nekudzidzira uye kupera, masayendisiti anowanzotarisa chinokonzera chirwere ichi mukusaenzana kwehupenyu. Kusvika panguva ino, hakuna munhu akatoswedera pedyo nekutsanangura kuti iri muuropi yevarwere vane autism kuti izvi hazvisizvo. Pane zvakaenzana pakati pekuvandudzwa kwechirwere uye nhamba yepamusoro yeropa ye serotonin yakasununguka kana yeplatelet inobatanidza, asi tsanangudzo dzemitemo yezvirwere hazvifaniri kujekeswa. Kunyange zvazvo pane imwe neimwe iyo yakaoma kwazvo kuziva chero chinokonzera, autism inofanirwa kuve yakabatanidzwa nezvikamu zvekukuvara kwepinatal, congenital rubella, phenylketonuria, uye infantile convulsions.
Dzidziso yeKufunga
Nekuda kwehutano hwekufunga, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vega autistic vanotambura nekushayikwa kwemamwe mabasa anotsanangurwa mukati mehutano hwechirevo chinonzi "chirevo chepfungwa". Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu ava havakwanisi kunzwa kana kufungisisa izvo mumwe munhu ari kufunga nezvazvo, havakwanisi kufanotaura zvaanoda.