Imwe yematombo anokosha iparera, iyo inotorwa kubva kumahombekombe emamwe makollusk ayo anonyanya kutora amai veparera. Izwi amai-re-pearl rinotora kubva kwairi. Perlmutter ndiye "amai vemaparera". Nemhaka ye ingress yezvinyorwa zvekunze (mbeu dzejecha, etc.) muhomwe ye mollusc, maparera. Pasi pechinhu, kutanga kwezvinyorwa zveparlescent mapanga anotanga. Maparera haasi kungoita minda chete, asiwo yakakura pane imwe nzvimbo yemabhizimisi (kunyanya muJapan). Nokuda kwekurima maparera ekugadzirira, mabhesi kubva mumakanda akafukidzirwa akaiswa mukati memamollusk, zvino makungu anodzokera kumvura. Yakagadzirwa pearl tsvina inobviswa kubva muhombe mushure mekunge imwe nguva. Sezvo kubudiswa kwemaparera echisikiro kwave kuchibviswa kubva muna 1952, muzviitiko zvizhinji mazuva ano munhu anofanira kutarisana nemaparera akagadzirwa kana maitiro ekugadzira. Nzira yekusiyanisa sei maparera chaiwo kubva kune fake?
Iwe unogona kuongorora maparera chaiwo nenzira dzinotevera:
Size:
inobva kune rudzi rwe shellfish. Iyo yakakura kukura, iyo inodhura zvakanyanya mutengo wayo. Iyo pearl yakakura inorema 6 kg, kureba kwemasentimita 24 uye yakafara masendimita 14 - inozivikanwa separera ra Allah (kana-pearl yeLao Tzu).
Fomu:
maparera echisikigo akasiyana-siyana. Chimiro chakanakisisa chakanaka. Inogonawo kunge iri maparera uye isina shapeless, iyo inonzi "baroque".
Shine:
kunobva panguva yegore. Iyo pearl yechando ine zvikamu zviduku zveamai-ve-pearl, pearl yezhizha yakakura uye ine zvishoma zvishoma. Kuti uongorore maparera, vhenekera zvakakosha zvikuru: iyo yakanyanya kupenya, iyo inokosha kupfuura pearl.
Ratidza:
kazhinji kachena, dzimwe nguva pane pink uye cream, uyewo machena, ruvara uye bhuruu. Parera rebhuruu ndiyo inodhura uye inowanikwa.
MuRussia yekare, muto weupfu wemhangura, yakapwanyika oak bark uye limestone yakashandiswa pakuputira maparera. Mucheka wehomwe wakashandiswa kupedzisa kupera.
Yakakurwa maparera
Munenge makore maviri emakore apfuura, maChina vakatanga kushandisa nzira yekuwana maparera akakura. Kuti vawane maparera akadaro, vakaisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mukati mehombe ne mollusc. Mushure mokupinda muhomwe yechinhu ichi chiduku, chigadzirwa cheparera yakatanga: iyo mollusc yakafukidzira chinhu ichi nefirimu yakaonda yeamai-ye-pearl, uye kazhinji. Mushure mokutema kwaipetwa mumabhasikiti ewicker, uye mabhasikiti akaderedzwa mumvura kwechinguva (kubva pamwedzi yakati kusvika kumakore akawanda).
Zvinotendwa kuti kuwanda kwekugadzirwa kwemaparera yakagadzirwa kwakatangwa neJapan Kokichi Mikimoto. Muna 1893 akakwanisa kuwana maparera akakurira nenzira yekuita. Kuti awane pearl reCociti, Mikimoto akashandisa nzira yekare yeChinese, asi panzvimbo pezvinhu zviduku zvakasungwa mukati mehombe, amai-ve-pearl mabhesi vaishandiswa. Maparera akadaro kunyange nyanzvi dzakaoma kusiyanisa kubva kune zvakasikwa.
Nzira dzekuwana maitiro (maitiro) maparera
Mukuwedzera kumaparera akakura, nyika inowanikwa yakawanda (yakagadzirwa) maparera. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuwana pearl yakadaro. Imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa kakawanda ndeyekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki, yakaonda. Mukudzvinyirirwa, maparera anoputirwa muzvipira izvi, kazhinji mamwe mazadziro anoshandiswa zvakare. Maparera emapenzi akasiyana nehuwandu hunorema (chaihwo hunorema) uye fragility yake. Uyezve, imwe-girasi yegirazi mabhora inobudiswa. Iyo yakafukidzwa nedhayi (yakafanana naamai-ye-pearl) uye kugadzirisa ruvara nemavhinish.
Nemhaka yekusimbiswa kwakasimba kwenzira dzekuita zvishongo "pasi pepanyama yemasikirwo" zvakaoma kunyange kune vadzidzisi vashomanana kusiyanisa maparera chaiwo kubva kune fake pasina nzira dzakananga.
Misiyano pakati peizvi uye maparera akaora
Nzira dzaunogona kusiyanisa nadzo maparera ezvakasikwa akaparadzaniswa kuva mapoka maviri: "vanhu" uye "sainzi".
Nzira dzakakurumbira:
- Imwe yenzira dzakajeka dzekusiyanisa maparera chaiwo kubva pakugadzira (maitiro) ndeyokubata pearl pazino. Parera chaiyo ichatsvaga panguva imwe chete.
- Kana parera chaiyo yakakandwa pane yakasimba pakakwirira kubva pakakwirira shoma, zvino nekuda kwehupamhi hwayo huchakwira sebhokisi retafura tennis (ping-pong). Zvokuita (zvakashata) maparera hazvina dzimba iyi.
- Uyewo, iwe unogona kutora pepa rekadhibhodi, rachera gomba mukati maro kudarika pearl iri kuongororwa. Isa pearl muhomwe iri uye uunze pepa rekadhibhodhi kune chiedza. Parera yakakosheswa inogona kuona kupenya kwemai-we-pearl uye nheyo yerima.
- Kuisa pearl yakagadzirwa mumunda wemagetsi, inotendeuka uye inotora imwe nzvimbo, asi pearl chaiye haingazofambi.
- Iko kune pfungwa yokuti mumagetsi e-ultraviolet akakura maparera akajeka, uye iye zvino-bhuruu.
- Tsvaga maparera asina kubvumira anogona kuva, mushure mekuongorora kuburikidza ne-10-fold kukurudzira mumaparera (kana pane) nekuwana kuparadzanisa pakati pepakati uye nepamusoro-soro uri muchimiro chemuviri wakaoma, wakasviba. Iwe unonzwisisa kuti iwe wakagadzira maparera pamberi pako. Kucherechedza gomba mumaparera akareruka kazhinji kunoonekwa kuchiputika, nokuti yakasviba kupfuura yakasikwa.
Scientific methods:
- Chifananidzo che-X-ray chemaparesi akakura anoratidza zvakajeka bhaniti pakati pepakati uye yakakura. Kana pasina nucleus, ipapo pane ganda riri pakati peparera. Chinenge chigumisiro chimwe chete chatinowana tichishandisa nzira yekudhirofa.
- Kana wakabhabhatidza mumvura, huwandu hwemasimba 2.7, maparera chaiwo haaidzi, zvakasiyana neenhema.
- Kudzvara uye maparera chaiwo pasi pe microscope anoona ganda, pane imwe yenhema, inotonhora.