Muviri wedu unogona kuenzaniswa neguta guru. Masero anogara mairi dzimwe nguva anogara mumhuri "," kuumba nhengo, uye dzimwe nguva, akarasika pakati pevamwe, vanoderedza (sekuti, semuenzaniso, masero ezvirwere zvemuviri). Vamwe vane zvipfeko uye havazombosiyi nzvimbo yavo yokupotera, vamwe vafambi uye havagari munzvimbo imwe chete. Zvose zvakasiyana, imwe neimwe ine zvido zvayo, unhu uye hurumende. Pakati pemasero mapoka maduku uye makuru ekufambisa - ropa uye lymph vessels. Muviri wega wega mumuviri wedu, mamiriyoni ezviitiko anoitika: mumwe munhu kana chimwe chinhu chinoparadza upenyu hune rugare hwemasero kana vamwe vavo vanokanganwa nezvemabasa avo kana, zvakasiyana, vanoshingairira. Uye, sezvinongoita chero megalopolis, kuitira kuti urambe wakarongeka, unyanzvi hwehutano hunotarisirwa apa. Tinoziva kuti mukuru wedu mukuru wehurongwa hwemagetsi. Uye ruoko rwake rworudyi ndiyo chirongwa chekupedzisira (ES).
Mukuda
ES ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakaoma uye dzakavanzika dzomuviri. Yakaoma nokuti inoumbwa nemaronda akawanda, imwe neimwe inogona kubereka kubva kune imwe kusvika kune mahomoni akawanda akasiyana, uye inotungamirira basa rehuwandu hwezvikamu, kusanganisira magland endocrine ivo pachavo. Mukati mehurongwa kune hutungamiri hunokosha hunokubvumira kuti uchengete zvakasimba kushanda kwayo. Kusanzwisisa kweS ES kunosanganiswa nekuoma kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa nekugadzirwa kwehomoni. Kuti uongorore basa rayo, inoda kushandiswa kwekombiyuta. Basa rehomoni dzakawanda harisi pachena. Uye isu tinofungidzira chete pamusoro pehupo hwevamwe, kunyange zvazvo zvisati zvigone kutsvaga kuumbwa kwavo uye masero anodziparadzanisa. Ndicho chikonzero endocrinology - sayenzi inodzidza mahomoni uye nhengo dzinovabudisa - inonzi inonyanya kuoma pakati pehutano hwezvokurapa uye yakavimbiswa zvikuru. Sezvo tanzwisisa chinangwa chaicho uye nzira dzebasa reimwe zvinhu, tinogona kukanganisa nzira dzinoitika mumuviri wedu. Mushure mezvose, nokuda kwemhomoni, tinozvarwa, vanoita pfungwa yekukwezva pakati pevabereki venguva yemberi, sarudza nguva yekuumbwa kwemasero epabonde uye nguva yekudyara. Dzinoshandura hupenyu hwedu, hunochinja mafungiro uye hutsika. Nhasi, tinoziva kuti kukwegura kunotungamirirwa zvakare neEE.
Vanhu ...
Nhengo dzinoumba ES (utachiona gland, adrenal gland, etc.) mapoka emasero ari mune dzimwe nhengo kana maviri, uye masero ega ega akapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kusiyana pakati pezvinyorwa zve endocrine kubva kune vamwe (ivo vanonzi exocrine glands) ndeyekuti kare vakachengeta zvigadzirwa zvavo - mahomoni - zvakananga muropa kana lymph. Nokuda kweizvi vanonzi zvipembenene zvekuvhara mukati. Uye exocrine - muchiedza chechi ichi kana chimiro (somuenzaniso, chinonyanya kukonzerwa neexocrine gland - chiropa - inovanza chakavanzika-bile-mukati mechiedza chenduru uye zvichienda mukati mumukumbo) kana kunze (muenzaniso - kupisa glands). Exocrine zvinyorwa zvinonzi zvipembenene zvekunze kwekunze. Mahomoni zvinhu zvinogona kuita pamasero anenge achizviona (anonzi zvinoshandiswa masero), achichinja chiyero chemagetsi. Kusunungurwa kwehomoni zvakananga muropa kunopa EC mari yakakura. Kuti uwane zvinobudirira, zvinotora mashoma mashomanana. Mahomoni anoenda zvakananga kune ropa, iyo inoshumira sekutakura uye inobvumira zvakakurumidza kuponesa zvinhu zvakakodzera kumatumbu ose, kusiyana nemuviri wehutano unopararira kuburikidza nehutachiona hwemhino uye, nekuda kwekuparara kwavo kana kukanganisa, hakukwanisi kusvika pachinangwa chavo. Mune mamiriro emahomoni, izvi hazviitiki: ropa rinosvibiswa nyore nyore rinogadzirisa maitiro kana imwe kana mimwe midziyo yeropa ichidzivirirwa. Kune nhengo namasero ayo mharidzo yeEE yakagadzirirwa, yakagamuchirwa, zvinogamuchirwa izvo zvinonzwisisa hormone inowanikwa pavari. Chimiro chemugumo we endocrine ndiko kukwanisa kwayo "kunzwa" kuwanda kwehomoni dzakasiyana-siyana nekudzigadzirisa. Uye nhamba yavo inoenderana nezera, chikadzi, nguva yezuva uye gore, zera, mupfungwa uye mumuviri mamiriro evanhu uye kunyange tsika dzedu. Saka eE inogadzirisa rhythm nekukurumidza kwekushandura kwatinoita.
... uye vatambi
Iyo gland pituitary ndiyo nhengo huru yegoutocrine. Iyo inobudisa mahomoni anokonzera kana kudzivisa basa revamwe. Asi chirwere chepituitary hachisi chepamusoro cheE, chinongozadzisa basa remujairi. Hypothalamus isimba guru. Uyu ndiwo dhipatimendi reuropi, huine masumbu emasero anosanganisira zvinhu zvekutya uye endocrine. Vanonyanyisa zvinhu zvinodzora zvipembenene zvepituitary uye endocrine. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwe hypothalamus, gland pituitary inobereka mahomoni anokonzera mishonga yakaoma. Nokudaro, thyroid-stimulating hormone inodzora utachiona hunoti, corticotropic - basa reAdrenal cortex. Iko kukura kwehomoni (kana kukura hormone) hakubatsiri chero nhengo ipi neipi. Mamiriro ayo anowedzera kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasukirwo uye nhengo. Iyi misiyano mumabasa emahomoni inokonzerwa nekusiyana kwekukosha kwavo kumuviri uye nhamba yemabasa avanopa. Ihwo hunoshamisa hwehutano huno hutsika ndeyehutano hwemhinduro. ES inogona kudanwa pasina kuwedzeredza iyo inonyanya kutonga. Uye, kunyange zvazvo iine "kutonga" nhengo (hypothalamus uye planditary gland), avo vari pasi vanoitawo basa rezvinyorwa zvepamusoro. Mu hypothalamus, chirwere chepituitary kune zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa kumakoroni emahomoni akasiyana muropa. Kana iri yakakwirira, zviratidzo kubva kune avo vanogamuchira zvichavhara maitiro avo kumativi ose. Ichi ndicho chirevo chezvakataurwa muchiito. Utachiona hweganda hwakagamuchira zita raro nokuda kwaro. Inofukidza mutsi, yakakomberedza trachea. Kurongeka kwemasmoni ayo iodine, uye kushayikwa kwayo kunogona kutungamirira kusakanganiswa mubasa remuviri. Mahomoni emuganda anopa muganhu pakati pekugadzirwa kwemadii adipose uye kushandiswa kwemafuta akachengetwa mauri. Izvo zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwemafupa uye hupenyu hwemapfupa emapfupa, uyewo hunosimudzira kushandiswa kwemamwe mahomoni (somuenzaniso, insulin, kukurumidza kushandiswa kwemetabolism yemakhahydrates). Izvo zvinhu zvinotamba basa rinokosha mukukudziridza hurongwa hwekutya. Kushaya kwehomoni mumucherecheche mucheche kunotungamirira mukusavandudzika kweuropi, uye gare gare kuderera kweuchenjeri. Nokudaro, vose vacheche vanoongororwa nekuda kwezvinhu izvi (iyi muedzo inowanikwa mukugadzirisa zvirongwa zvevana vacheche). Pamwe pamwe neAdrenaline, utachiona hweHormoni hunoita basa remoyo uye rinodzora ropa.
Parathyroid glands
Zvinyorwa zvepathyroid zvinokwana 4 glands zviri muhutema hwemafuta ane hutachiona hwehutachiona, ndicho chikonzero ivo vane zita ravo. Izvozvo zvinokonzera mahomoni maviri: parathyroid uye calcitonin. Zvose izvi zvinopa kugovana kwe calcium uye phosphorus mumuviri. Kusiyana nemasikirini akawanda epodocrine, chirwere chepathyroid chinotungamirirwa nekuchinja kwema mineral kuumbwa kweropa uye vitamini D. Pancreas inodzora kusanganiswa kwemakhahydrates mumuviri, uye inobatanidzwa mukudya uye inogadzira mapurojekiti anovimbisa kuparara kwemaprotin, mafuta uye makhahydrates. Nokudaro, iri munzvimbo yekuchinja kwemuviri kusvika mumukati muduku. Iron inobvisa mahomoni maviri: insulini uye glucagon. Yokutanga inoderedza huwandu hwehuga muropa, zvichiita kuti masero aunyore zvakanyanya uye akashandise. Chechipiri, pane zvinopesana, inowedzera huwandu hwehuga, huchiita kuti masero eropa uye musuru mutsvuku kuti adzorere. Chirwere chinowanzobatanidzwa nekusawirirana mune pancreas chirwere chechirwere cheshuga (kana kuti chirwere cheshuga chinokonzerwa nechirwere cheshuga). Inokura nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemasero anounza insulini, masero ezvirwere zvemuviri. Vazhinji vana vane chirwere cheshuga vane geneome zvinhu izvo zvinogona kugadzirira kusarudzwa kwechirwere. Asi zvinokonzerwa kazhinji nehutachiona kana kutapurirwa mupfungwa. Izvo zvinonzi adrenal gland zvinotora zita ravo panzvimbo iyo. Munhu haagoni kurarama kunze kwezvinyorwa zvinonzi adrenal uye mahomoni avanogadzira, uye nhengo idzi dzinoonekwa sekuti dzinokosha. Mune purogiramu yekuongororwa kwevana vose vatsva, kuedza kwekuputsa basa ravo kunosanganiswa - migumisiro yezvinetso zvakadaro ichave yakanyanya kuipa. Izvo zvinonzi adrenal glands zvinounza rekodi nhamba yehomoni. Mukurumbira wavo ndeye adrenaline. Inobatsira muviri kuti ugadzirire uye utarame nezvinogona kuitika. Iyi hormone inokonzera mwoyo kukurova nekukurumidza uye kuputira ropa rimwe kune nhengo dzekufamba (kana zvichifanira kutiza), kunowedzera kufema kwekufemerwa kupa muviri muviri neoksijeni, kunoderedza kushuvira kunorwadza. Inowedzera kuwedzerwa kweropa, kuvharidzira kukwirira kweropa kuderera kuuropi uye dzimwe nhengo dzinokosha. Norepinephrine inewo zvakafanana. Yechipiri inonyanya kukosha yemadonal glands is cortisol. Izvo zvakaoma kududza chero nzira ipi zvayo mumuviri, iyo yaisazoita simba. Inomanikidza mishonga kusunungura zvinhu zvakachengetwa muropa kuitira kuti masero ose anopiwa zvikafu. Basa re cortisol rinowedzera nekuputika. Iko inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirirwa uye basa rekudzivirirwa kwemasimba ekuzvidzivirira rinodiwa kurwisana nekuputika, uye kana iyo yekupedzisira ichinyanya kushanda (kusanganisira zvinopesana nemasero avo), cortisol inoderedza kushingaira kwavo. Kushungurudzika, kunogadzirisa kupatsana kwemasero, kuitira kuti muviri usingashandisi simba mubasa iri, uye maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira anenge achiita kuti urongwa hwekugadzirisa urege kupotsa masero "asina kukodzera". Iyo hormone aldosterone inodzora kukanganiswa mumuviri wehutori hwemaminiti emarara - sodium uye potasium. Kuita zvepabonde zvipembenene zviputi muvakomana uye mavhai muvasikana. Mahomoni, izvo zvavanobudisa, anokwanisa kushandura mishonga yemagetsi. Nokudaro, testosterone (iyo huru yemhomoni hormone) inobatsira kukura kwemasumbu, mapfupa. Inowedzera chido uye inoita kuti vakomana vave nehasha. Uye, kunyange zvazvo testosterone inofungidzirwa sehomoni yevarume, inowanikwa mumadzimai, asi mune zvishoma.
Kuna chiremba!
Kazhinji kacho, vana vane uremu hunorema uye vana vakanyanyisa kurega shure kwevezera ravo mukukura vanouya kuvana vesipotopinologist. Vabereki pane kunyatsoteerera kuti mwana anomira pakati pezera rako, uye anotanga kuziva chikonzero. Zvizhinji zvezvirwere zvekupedzisira hazvina maitiro, uye chinetso vabereki uye vanachiremba vanowanzoziva kana chirwere chacho chave chakatochinja zvakanyanya basa reimwe nhengo kana muviri wose. Dzidzira mwana: muviri. Muvana vaduku, musoro uye trunk maererano nehurefu hwose hwemuviri huchave hukuru. Kubva pamakore 9-10 mwana anotanga kutambanudza, uye kuwanda kwemuviri wake kunosvika kuvakuru.