Mishonga yemazuva ano inogona kuramba ichiberekwa vana vasati vaberekwa vari vapenyu uye vatsigira kukura kwavo kuitira kuti ivo vasazosiyana nemwana achangoberekwa. Uye zvakadaro chiyero chokugadzirisa chinotarisana nenguva iyo mwana akaberekwa. Dzimwe nguva zvinokwanisika kudzivisa migumisiro isingafadzi, uye dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvekuvandudza zvinoramba zviripo muupenyu. Nezvipi zvinokonzerwa nekuberekwa nguva isati yasvika pakukura kwevana zvingave uye zvichakurukurwa pasi apa.
Nguva yakatarwa yekuzvitakura kuvakadzi inotarisana nemasvondo makumi matatu nemasere kusvika makumi mana. Vana vanoberekwa mushure memasvondo makumi mana nemaviri ekuberekwa, pasinei nekuberekwa kwavo, vanonzi vana vacheche. Vana vakaberekwa vasati vhiki ye37 ndevaya vanonzi vana vasati vazvarwa kana kuti vasati vasvika. Pari zvino, mushonga wemazuva ano unogona kuchengetedza vacheche vacheche vakaberekwa vasati vava nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri uye pasati vhiki ye25 yekuzvitakura. Idzi idzva dzinorema zvakanyanya kudarika vana vanofanira kuverenga pakuberekwa - zvinoitika kuti vanoyera zvishoma kudarika 500 g. Pasinei nekusava nekusimba kwavo kukuru pakuberekwa uye njodzi dzakawanda dzinomirira, vana vakadaro vanowanzokura panze. Zvechokwadi, ichi chikonzero chekugadzirisa maturo hachikwanisi kudarika zvachose pasina tsanangudzo. Kazhinji kacho, vana vanotambura nezviri mukati uye neuropi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vana vanozochera shure mupfungwa, kunyange izvi zvisingadi uye zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu.
Kuramba muwadhi nokuda kwekuzvarwa kwenguva refu, sekutonga, kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinogona kutora mwedzi inoverengeka, kusvikira mwana atowana chiremera chakajairika chezera rake uye nhengo dzake hadzizotanga kushanda zvakasununguka. Mune ramangwana, kuchengetwa kwemwana akadaro kunopfuura kudarika kwekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza uye kurwisa kwecheche uye kazhinji kunoda kubatsirwa nekupa mazano nekusimudzira rubatsiro. Kunewo nzira dzekuongorora kusangana kwekukanganisa kwekukanganisa, zvakadai sekunzwa nekuonekwa. Kunyanya kuongororwa kunokubvumira kupa rubatsiro runobatsira panguva yakakodzera uye mumutengo wakakodzera.
Zvinhu zvinodiwa
Kuponesa hupenyu hwomwana akaberekwa nguva isati yasvika, midziyo yemazuva ano inodiwa. Chimwe chigadzirwa chakadaro chikafu chinoshandisa chinotora chibereko. Ikoko mwana ari mumamiriro ezvinhu pedyo nepamunobvira kune avo vana vanovandudza zuva risati rasvika. Ikoko ndiko kwaifanira kuchengetedza kutora kwakakwana uye kunaya. Zvinosuruvarisa, kusvikira zvino dambudziko guru rekambani - yakadaro inoputika yakanyanya kwazvo mubasa. Kune mwana, izvi hazvibatsiri, uye avo vanoshanda pamwe chete, vanopa zvakawanda zvinetso.
Nemigumisiro yekuberekwa kusati yasvika, inowanzodiwa kuti ubatane mwana kumera, iyo iyo iyo inopfurikidza nekufema. Uyezve, yakabatana nechokushandisa chekutonga nhengo dzinokosha. Izvi zvinoratidza kuwanda kwepfungwa, kufema, oxygenation yeropa, ropa rayo. Basa rayo nderokudzivirira mwoyo uye kuporesa arrhythmia uye kumira kufema.
Munguva yekuchengetwa kwemwana asati aberekwa, chigadziro chinopa chikafu chayo, chinogona kutanga kutarisirwa parenterally, kureva, chinonzi intravenously, chinoshandiswa zvakare. Saka mumuviri wemwana mune mapuroteni akachengetedzwa, mafuta uye makhahydrates kuitira kuti huve nekuvandudzwa kwakakodzera. Imwe nzira inokosha inoshandiswawo nokuda kwechinangwa ichi achishandisa mishonga yakakodzera yeropa (mutsetse wose wakakosha haugoni kukurira zvakanyanya kudai) uye pombi iyo inopa michina yezvokudya mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kukwana.
Tsanangudzo yemigumisiro yekutangira kwekutanga kwekurera vana
Zvinetso nekufema
Vacheche vanoberekwa vasati vagara vaine nguva dzose vane matambudziko ekufema, nokuti mapapu avo haana kunyanya kukura. Vachine zvinyorwa zviduku zvevashandi, zvichiita kuti kuderedza kusangana kwepasi kwealveoli, iyo inodzivirira kuti vasanamatira pamwe chete pamhepo. Mumapapu emucheche ane utano, izvi zvose zvinoumbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu anenge mavhiki makumi matatu ekuberekwa. Vana vasati vatanga kuberekwa (vasati vhiki yechishanu yekubata) vanenge vachinzwa mukana wokufema kazhinji. Zviri pamusoro-zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa nekuputika kuburikidza ne tube ye intubation zvakananga mumugwagwa wekupumha, nokudaro zvichibatsira vana vane dambudziko rokufema. Izvi zvinodzivirirawo matambudziko mazhinji ekugadzirisa matambudziko (eg, neurological and infectious). Kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pamvura nenzira yemishonga kwaive kushanduka pakuponesa vana vasati vasvika. Zvinosuruvarisa, vamwe vana vasati vasvika, kunyanya vaduku vakura, vanoda mhepo yekuvhenekera kwemwedzi.
Dzimwe nguva vana ava vanokura zvirwere zvisingagumi zvepapupa, izvo zvinobatanidzwa nekusava nekuchena kwemapfupa emapapu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kushandiswa kwemamwe madhiragi anoshandiswa kukurudzira kukura kwemapfupa emapapu. Vanonyanya kunetseka pamigumisiro inokuvadza ye okisijeni uye inorowa pasi pekumanikidzwa kuponesa upenyu.
Mune ramangwana, vana. Kuberekwa nguva isati yasvika, kazhinji kuva varwere vane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana. Izvozvo zvinokonzera chirwere chisingaperi chepapu chinogona kutungamirira kune chinonyanya kukurira chepastic bronchitis, dyspnea munguva yehutachiona, kana kuti kuwedzerwa njodzi yekudzidzira chirwere.
Nerve tissue
Muvana vasati vasvika, uropi huri huchiri kure. Kune mazano akanaka uye akaipa mune izvi. Zviitiko zvakashata ndizvo zvakanyanya kunzwisisika kwehutachiona husingaregi hunoita kukuvadza kunogadzirisa uye kusakwana kwe okisijeni yakakwana. Chinhu chakanaka, zvisinei, ndechokuti kuwedzera kwehuropi hunove nehupurasitiki yakawanda uye maviri anokwanisa kushandiswa nekushandiswa panzvimbo idzodzo. Kunyange zvakadaro, kukanganisa kwemishonga inokonzera mishonga kunobatsira zvikuru kushandiswa kwehutano hwehutano hwemwana.
Vana vanoberekwa vasati vataura izvi vanowanzotarisana neuroses. Izvo zvinowanzokonzerwa nemanzwiro, zvakanyanya kushanda, zvinoda nzira inokosha. Nevana vakadaro hazviwanzo nyore kubata, vanowanzochema, kudya zvakanaka, kurara zvishomanana. Zviratidzo zvisingafadzi zvakadaro zvinopedzisira zvapera, asi chimiro chinoramba chiripo muupenyu.
Kuberekwa kusati kwatanga - amai nemwana
Pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa kusati kwaitika, mukadzi anofanira kufudza mwana. Kana mwana asina kukwanisa kuzvidya oga, anorohwa nemukaka wemamai pentally, iyo inomanikidzwa. Zvakakosha kuti mumaawa ekutanga namazuva ehupenyu, mukaka chero ipi zvayo inopinda mumuviri wemwana. Kutenda izvi, chirwere chepachiviri chemwana chinokurumidza kukurumidza uye chinodzidza kugadzira zvokudya. Misi yemayi inopawo mwana ane zvirwere zvinokubvumira kurwisana nemaabhakitiriya uye kuzvidzivirira kubva kune utachiona.
Kunyange zvazvo amai vasina kutanga vachiyamwisa mwana asati aberekwa zvachose, achiri kutarisira kuchengeta mukaka wose. Nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, nguva yekubatana zvakananga nemwana pamwe naamai ichauya. Kana mai vakakwanisa kuchengetedza mukaka kana kuti kukurudzira zvakare - ichi chichava rubatsiro rwakanakisisa rwekugadzirisa mwana. Mwana wacho atokwanisa kurongedza kunwisa nekumedza, saka iwe unogona kuedza kuzviisa muchipfuva chako. Preterm vacheche havasi kurasikirwa nemafungiro ekuyamwa, saka vanokurumidza kuona kuti vanochida. Kana mukaka waamai uchiuya muhuwandu hwakawanda, vana vanokurumidza kuwana chiremera chakanaka uye vari kugadziriswa. Vane matambudziko mashomanana kupfuura avo vanochengetedzwa zvakanaka.
Basa rekubata uye kubata nekutaura
Nguva refu tisati tatanga kudya, amai vanokokwa kumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubatana nemucheche: kubata, kugunzva, kubvuma, kutumisa kupisa, kuteerera inzwi rekushaya mwoyo. Amai vanobvumira kumumbundira mwana kwechinguva chiduku mushure mekubviswa kubva kune incubator, kuti azvichengetedze pachake, kuti arove. Iyi nzira yekuchengeta vana yakanga yakakosha kune vana vasati vasvika. Izvi zvinopa zvakakosha zvose pakuvandudza kwomwana uye kumamai.
Amai vanofanira kubata mwana wavo, kutaura naye, kumuimbira. Anongobvunzwa kuti abvise zvishongo, kuisa maoko kumusuo uye kushambidza maoko ake asati aisa mumubatanidzwa. Amai naizvozvo anopa mwana chete "mabhakitiriya" akanaka chete paganda, kuitira kuti rive rinopesana nezvisikwa zveosocomial.
Psychological connection
Vanaamai vakawanda vakaberekwa vasati vasangana nekutambudzika. Izvi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kune vamwe vanaamai vane postpartum depression. Vane pfungwa huru yekutadza. Vanowanzoshamisika kuti sei kuberekwa kusati kwaitika uye izvo zvavari mhosva kune pano. Uye kunyange kana mukadzi asingatauri nenzwi guru pamusoro pekusava nechokwadi kwake, neonatologist anomutsigira uye anopa tariro kuti vanogona kubata nematambudziko akawanda.
Kuvapo kwemwana pedyo naamai kunomurega kuti atende kuti anogona kuita zvakawanda kwaari. Anokwanisa kuona kuti moyo wemwana wacho unoshanduka paanohubata. Anorega kuchema, ezvo anobva ava kunyarara uye anovata hope. Amai vake vanova nechivimbo chokuti vanogona kukunda matambudziko.
Ndingaenda rini kumba?
Kazhinji kune mamiriyoni matatu, mwedzi mina, kusvikira mwana asati aberekwa asati asvika anorema mashekeri 500 kusvika 1800-1900 gm. Mwana anogona kusunungurwa kumba pamba apo chiremba ane chokwadi chokuti anogona kufema nekuzvimiririra uye kudya, maererano nekurema kwake, uye amai vachabata nemwana kumba. Panguva yekugara kwavo muchipatara, vashandi vanodzidza kutarisira mwana asati azvarwa. Zvakakoshawo kuva nemukana wekuwedzera kusangana nechipatara (somuenzaniso, kuburikidza nefoni) kana dambudziko rokutanga richibuda.