Kusava nedare mumutumbi wemukadzi ane pamuviri kana chirwere chekushaya ropa mune imwe yezvirwere zvinowanzoonekwa nevakadzi "munzvimbo". Maererano nehuwandu, anenge anenge matatu oga oga mukadzi ane pamuviri ane chirwere chisina kukwana chekuyera ropa kana kushaya hemoglobin. Muna 95-98% yezviitiko, chirwere chinosanganiswa nekushayikwa mumuviri wesimbi, iyo inhengo ye hemoglobin. Izvi zvinonzi kuderera kwesimbi inopera anemia uye chiitiko chayo pakati pevakadzi vane pamuviri chave chichiwedzera anenge makore manomwe mumakore gumi apfuura.
Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu vakawanda havafungi kuti zvakakosha kurapa chirwere chekushaya ropa, uye varwere vakawanda vanongororesa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa neanemia kuhutano. Asi pangozi haisi chete hutano hweamai, asi mamiriro uye kunyange hupenyu hwemwana wake asati aberekwa. Chinhu chinokosha mukusimudzirwa kwekushaya simba kwesimbi ndiyo nhamba ye hemoglobin uye masero matsvuku eropa anopa oxygen mumuviri wose. Sezvo pasina munhu anogona kunzwa akanaka uye ane utano mune imwe nzvimbo yakaoma, isina kubvumirwa nemhepo isina kuchena, uye nhengo dzose uye maviri ane chirwere chekushaya ropa anokwanisa kushanda zvakajairika nekuda kwenzara yekushaya oxygen. Havangakwanisi kuita zvizere mabasa avo.
Panguva yekuzvitakura, mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma nekuti amai vaviri nevana remangwana vari kutambura: kusava kwe okisijeni kunoratidzwa panguva imwechete pamwoyo miviri, itsvo ina, maviri maviri emeso, nezvimwewo. Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa kuti kuve nekushayikwa kwesimbi mumutumbi wemukadzi ane pamuviri ndiko kuwedzera kwekuda kwechikamu ichi panguva yekuzvitakura.
Chii chaunoda dare?
Iron ndiyo chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinopinda mumuviri womunhu kuburikidza nekudya. Zvokudya zvine zvinyorwa zve2000-2500 kcal, zvinodyiwa masikati, zvine 10-15 mg yesimbi, asi zvinosuruvarisa, kubva pamatumbo emimba, hapana kupfuura 2 mg inogona kupinda muropa-ichi ndicho chirevo chekudya kwemu mineral. Pamwe chete neizvi, ye 2 mg yesimbi inopinda mumuviri zuva roga roga, hafu yega inopedzwa uye inobva yasunungurwa mumuguta, feces, ipapo, nechisimba chepentelium yechipfuva, kuburikidza nekushaiwa bvudzi. Wedzera kune izvi kurasikirwa kwesimbi zvichida kwehuwandu hweHemoglobin formation (inenge 400 mg panguva yose yekuzvitakura) kwekukura kwemisumbu ye fetus uye placenta (300 mg) uye kugadzirisa zvimwe zvido zvemuenzaniso uyu muvakadzi vane pamuviri uyewo kurasikirwa kwesimbi munguva yebasa (230 mg) uye kudya mwana! Zvinonzwisisika kuti nekupararira kwakadaro, kazhinji kudiwa kwesimbi munguva yekuzvitakura kunonyanya kudarika kubvira kwaro kubvumira kudya, ndicho chikonzero chekushaiwa kwesimbi mumutumbi wemukadzi ane pamuviri.
Sei ndichida dare mumuviri wemukadzi ane pamuviri?
Mutoro uri pamuviri panguva yekubereka mwana unowedzera kazhinji. Kachimbidza mwoyo kuputika, kufema kunowedzera nokukurumidza, itsvo dzinoshanda zvakaoma zvikuru kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwezvinhu zvinokosha zveamai uye fetus. Asi kuti uone hurumende iyi yakawedzerwa, humwe oxygen inodawo. Oxygen, pamwe chete, inogona kuendeswa kumisumbu chete nerubatsiro rwehemoglobin, inowanikwa mumasero matsvuku eropa - erythrocytes. Nemutoro unowedzera mumuviri, kudiwa kwemojeni, uye nekuda kweizvozvo, mune iron zvakare inomuka.
Haisi chakavanzika chokuti, maererano nekukura uye kukura kwemucheche, chibereko chinokura, nhamba uye hukuru hwehutachiona hunoita chibereko chinokura. Uye simbi inhengo inokosha inokosha yemisumbu. Saka nekukura kwechibereko, chido chesimbi chinowedzerawo. Simbi inobatsirawo pakugadzirisa kwakakwana kweparcenta, kuburikidza nezvinodiwa zvinokosha zve fetus zvinoonekwa.
Iron inowakoshawo pakuvandudzwa kwemasumbu uye mamwe maitiro e fetal. Ikozvino mukutanga kwekutanga kwemimba yekuita pamuviri, kuumbwa kwehumene pachedu yehutachiona uye fetal ropa inotanga, uye, naizvozvo, kudiwa kwesimbi kunowedzerawo.
Zviitiko zvinokonzera kukura kwekushaiwa kwesimbi:
1. Kuderera kwesimbi kunochengetwa mumuviri wemukadzi asati aberekwa. Izvi zvingave zvakakonzerwa neku:
- zera remukadzi ane pamuviri (pasi pezera remakore gumi nemasere uye apfuura makore makumi matatu);
- kushaya zvokudya zvakashata neine vitamini yakaderera muzvokudya;
- kushungurudzwa kwepamuviri wepamuviri, chiropa, izvo zvinodzivirira kusveta kwesimbi uye kutakura kwayo nhengo nezvisumbu;
- kurwara kwakasimba uye kwenguva refu;
- zvirwere zvehomoni uye zvirongwa zvekudzivirira vana;
- yakakura uye / kana kwenguva refu kuenda kumwedzi;
- humwe hukama hwehutano (uterine myoma, endometriosis);
- kazhinji kubuda ropa, etc ;;
- kusagadzikana kudhakwa.
2. Kubata pamuviri. Neye, chido chekudya mashizha-ane makemikari uye mazvigadzirira ndeyepamusoro kupfuura apo imwe fetus inoberekwa.
3. Nguva isina kukwana pakati pemimba yekuberekwa nekuberekwa. Munguva yekuzvitakura, kubereka nekuraira, mukadzi anorasikirwa ne 1 g yesimbi (700-900 mg). Kurasikirwa kwakadaro kwakawanda kunogona kudzorerwa zvizere chete pashure pemakore 4-5. Ndicho chikonzero, apo pamuviri unotevera unoitika zvisati zvaitika, mune zvakawanda zvakawanda mukana wekuvandudza kusakosha kwesimbi kana chirwere chekushaya ropa. Mukuwedzera, chirwere chacho hachizoitike mumukadzi ane vana vanopfuura vana.
Zvinonyanya zviratidzo zvesimbi kusakwana anemia
- Kushaya simba, kuneta, kurara;
- Kurasika kwekuyeuka nekuita;
- Utsivi, asterisk pamberi pemaziso nemusoro;
- Kushandura kuchinja kunonaka uye kunhuwa (unotanga kunzwa kunhuwa kunopinza, kufanana neAcetone, benzene, unonzwa kushushikana kusinganzwisisiki kudya chiko, meno, mazino, etc.);
- Kushaya chido;
- Ganda remukati uye mucous membrane;
- Kweganda rakakombama, kuputika kwemiromo, zvimiti nemichindwe dzimwe nguva zvinowanikwa;
- Stratification uye kurasikirwa nemvere;
- Akavhunikwa misumari;
- Zvinetso nemazino;
- Kuvharwa kana kubuda;
- Atrophic gastritis;
- Stomatitis;
- Kunzwa kwekukurumidza kwemoyo, kurwadziwa mumoyo uye kukurumidza kukurumidza;
- Kushamwaridzana panguva yekuseka, kukwezva, kunyunyuta, kubata;
- Zvirwere zveCatarrhal.
Chikonzero nei chirwere chekushaya ropa chinotyisa panguva yekuzvitakura
Kubudirira kweanemia mumudzimai wechitatu wepamuviri anokonzera kusagadzikana kwakaipisisa, zvakadai sekukundikana kwese nhengo uye mishonga. Uropi nemwoyo zvinoshanda zvisina kunaka, hapana ropa rakakwana (uye naizvozvo oxygen) rinotamirwa kune dzimwe nhengo, chiropa chinogadzira mapuroteni maduku, izvo zvinofanira kushandiswa kugadzira masero akasiyana-siyana. Mumumuviri mune zvakawanda zvinokonzera mishonga inodhaka inopinda muparcenta uye inogona kukuvadza fetus. Nekushaiwa kwesimbi mumadzimai ane pamuviri vanowanzobatwa neyexicosis. Zvimwe zvinotyisa ndezvipi zvinotevera zvinokonzera chirwere chekushaya ropa:
- Kuwedzerwa kungozi yekufa kwekuberekwa mukati mechibereko (25%).
- Anemia inowedzera dambudziko rekuberekwa nguva isati yasvika (21.5%).
- Panenge ka 3-4 nguva kubuda ropa kunowedzera panguva yekuberekwa, kurasikirwa kweropa dzimwe nguva kunouraya.
- Zvinetso zvinotapukira zvePotpartum zvinowanzoitika uye hazvikwanise kukwana.
- Nehutachiona hwehutachiwana, njodzi yekuberekwa kwekuberekwa inowedzera (11.5%).
- Mukudzidza kwevana vakazvarwa kumadzimai vane chirwere chekushaya ropa, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti mumwe wevana vatatu anowanzosangana nehutano kwemazuva mazhinji, 29% ane mishonga uye 23% ane chirwere cheperesi.
Prophylaxis yekushayikwa kwesimbi mumadzimai ane pamuviri
Zvakakosha kunyatsofungisisa nyaya yekugadzira pamuviri musati mimba. Zvakakosha kuporesa zvakakwana kubva kune zvirwere zvese zvinogara zvisingaperi, kudzorera muviri wakakwana wemaruva, kuisa nguva yekuenda kumwedzi uye kuzadzisa kusakwana kwesimbi, kana pane.
Kunyanya kukoshesa, zvose panguva yekudzivirira uye zvisati zvafanirwa kupiwa kuzara-calori uye kudya kwakakwana. Kudya kunofanira kunge kune mapuroteni epamusoro-grade emhuka yakabva, sezvinoitwa mumiti yezvokudya ine yesimbi yakawanda.
Nenzira, simbi inobva kumiti yemhuka inonyanya kudiwa nemuviri womunhu (kusvika pa25-30%), nepo dzimwe mishonga yemhuka yakabva-mazai, hove - 10-15% chete, uye ropa kubva mumatumbo emagunha rinotora 3- 5% yesimbi. Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvinoda kunyatsotarisirwa? Chikafu chechingwa, mazai (kunyanya mashizha), soy, maharage, nyemba, cocoa, mukaka, jisi, pamwe nenyuchi, turkey, nyuchi uye nyama yenguruve chiropa, moyo, cottage cheese, kirimu yakasviki, kamuti. Zvakanaka zvigadzire mapetroti ematare, dzungu, kabichi, pomegranate, maapuro emavara, parsley, sipinashi, oatmeal, apricots akaomeswa, amamondi. Kudya kunofanira kusanganisira mishonga yakanaka uye uchi, kana iwe usina mishonga.
Inyevero: kushandiswa kwemishonga kana uine upfumi hwesimbi hunofanira kuitwa chete maererano nemirairo yechiremba! Kazhinji kacho kusarudzwa kwegadziriro yesimbi panguva yekuzvitakura kunoratidzwa kune vakadzi vane ngozi dzekuvandudza chirwere ichi. Panguva ino, kudyiwa kwemadiki ematare ematare inokurudzirwa kumisangano emavhiki maviri, kubva pa 14 kusvika ku14 vhiki yekuzvitakura.
Akakonzerwa nekushaya simba kwesimbi, hazvidikanwi kwete kugadzirisa kudya, asiwo kutora mishonga yemishonga. Uye zvino zvinoratidzwa kuti chirwere ichi hachikwanisi kurapwa chete nemiti yakagadzirwa mune iron. Iyo yakanyanya kukwirira kwedare, iyo inogona kubudiswa kubva pakudya-kubva 2 kusvika ku2,5 mg pazuva. Kunyange zvazvo mishonga inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwesimbi muropa 15-20 nguva.
Kurapa kweanemia kunofanira kuitwa pasi pekutarisa kwakasimba kwechiremba. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, chiremba anosarudza mishonga yakakodzera, muyero, achifunga nezvehuwandu, pamwe nekucherechedza kubudirira kwerapi uchishandisa kuongorora ropa. Iyi inotora nguva yakareba inotora mavhareji emavhiki mashanu, uye zvose zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete nekugadzirira kunofanira kupfuurira kwechinguva mushure mekugara kwehemoglobin muropa uye masero matsvuku eropa. Mahwendefa anonyanya kutaurwa ane iron, uye kwete injections. Kuwedzerwa kweropa maererano neanemia panguva yekuzvitakura kunongowanikwa mumatambudziko akakura, maererano nenyanzvi.
Anemia panguva yekuzvitakura haibatanidzi muviri weamai bedzi, asiwo mwana anenge achikura. Kurapa kwechirwere ichi inzira yakareba kwazvo uye yakaoma. Zviri nyore kwazvo kuedza kudzivisa kuonekwa kwekushayiwa kwesimbi mumuviri wemukadzi ane pamuviri pane kuritora gare gare.