Kumquat: tsanangudzo.
Iro genus Fortunella (Latin Fortunella) rine maitiro maviri. Pakati pemhando dzose dzekumquat, mbiri dzinozivikanwa zvikuru: Japanese kinkan (Latin F. japonica) uye citrus margarita (Latin F. margarita). Mukuwedzera, nhasi kune huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hwekinkans uye michero yemicrorus, yakagadzirirwa zvose zvechimiro uye zvakasikwa. Pakati pavo:
- calamondin, orangequat (kumquat uye mandarin);
- limequat (kumquat uye lime);
- citrumquat (Japanese kumquat uye citrus trifolate);
- tsitranshdin (hybrid yemandarin uye kumquat uye hybrid yearangi uye trifolate);
- citranquat (kumquat, orange uye citrus trifoliate), nezvimwewo.
Kumquat ine maitiro akawanda anoita kuti ive yakakurumbira pakati pevarimi vemiri vachirima mbeu mumusha. Chokutanga, muti uyu unoratidzwa nehuwandu hwekuwedzera uye kuderera. Chechipiri, kumquat - zvirimwa zvinosviba, zvine korona yakaisvonaka uye mashizha maduku. Chechitatu, muti wacho wakanaka kwazvo uye anonhuhwirira maruva uye michero yakawanda. Maruva emukumquat akachena nekanyoro kadiki tinge. Mukuwedzera, kumquat - houseplants, iyo inowanzogadzira bonsai. Kuti kumquat ikure zvakakwana, zvinodikamwa kuti upedze ukuru hwehari.
Kukurima mukati mekugara mumamiriro okunze, zvizere zvemarudzi ose ekumquat zvakakodzera, uyewo se hybrid ye kumquat nemamandarini ane muto. Kureba kwemuti wakakurira muimba kunogona kusvika 1.5 m, izvo zvinoreva kuti kuburikidza nekukura kwakakwana kunoda mudziyo mukuru. VaFlorist vanowanzosarudza mbeu dzakasiyana dzinotevera: "Nagami" (michero yegermany iri mumhando yemiorivhi), "Marumi", "Maiva" (yakapoteredza uye inotapira michero), "IndioMandarinquat" (michero yakafanana nebheki rearangi, iyo yakakura pakati pemhando dzose dzekumquat ). Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana ndiyo yakanyatsogadzikana uye haisviki pamhepo inopisa -10-12C.
Nguva yekukura kwekumquat kumba ndeyokupera kwaApril, kutanga kwaMay, uye inoguma kwemazuva 30-50. Kureba kwenguva yacho kunotsanangurwa nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuvharirwa. Miti yakakura ine nguva imwechete yekukura, uye wechiduku ane mbiri, kusiyana nemamwe michero yemariti. Nenguva imwe neimwe iyo simiti inowedzera 6-10 cm murefu.
Kuyerera nguva kinkana - July-August. Kazhinji ruzivo runotora kubva pamazuva mashanu kusvika pavhiki, asi mushure memasvondo maviri kune zviitiko zvekudzoka zvakare. Maruva zvinomera zvevari zvepabonde, izvo zvinowanzoita mapoliseni kakawanda pamuchinjikwa nenzira, asi dzimwe nguva kuzvisvibisa kunowanikwa. Kufungidzirwa kwekumquat kunofanira kutongerwa, se, zvisinei, uye nedzimwe dzose dzomukati. Chibereko chinotakura nguva yemuti ndiDecember-January.
Kumquat: kubuda.
Munguva inopisa, kumquat inoda zuva rose. Munguva yechando, muti unoda kupa ruzivo rwezuva rakananga uye chiedza chechisikigo, saka pombi nemuti inofanira kuiswa kumaodzanyemba kwewindo. Mukuwedzera, zvinokwanisika kuedza kumquat uye kugadzirwa.
Iyo yakawanda kutonhora kwekuquat muzhizha ndeye 25-30C, muchando - 15-18C. Muzhizha muti unonyatsochengetwa kunze. Chengetedza kinkan kubva pakupisa mukati mezuva uye kubva kune hypothermia usiku. Uyewo, usabvumira muti kuti uome uye uwedzere, nekuisa kumquat mune imwe mudziyo izere nemvura yakasviba, moss, sawdust kana jecha. Iwe unogona zvakare prikopat bhokisi nemiti yei yechando mumunda webindu, gadzira pombi kubva kunze kana kuifukidza nechinhu chero chipi zvacho chinovhara. Iyo ivhu inobva kumusoro inonyanya kunyorerwa ne peat, manyowa kana uswa. Munguva dzenguva dzemaruva, kutanidza buds uye fruiting, zvakakosha kuchengetedza kumquat pane kutonhora kwe15-18C. Icho kutonhora kwakadaro kunofanira kuva ivhu.
Kumquat mbeu inoda mweya wakaoma. Kana iyo yakaoma (kunyanya munguva yechando), ipapo muti unogona kubvisa mashizha. Uyewo inowedzera mungozi yekupinda kwezvirwere: sitiroyi mite uye ganda. Kuti udzivise kuswa, unogona kupfira muti wacho nemvura inodziya uye kuisa mapeji akazadza mvura pedyo nemuti.
Kunwisa kinkana kunofanira kunge kwakakwana uye nguva dzose. Muzhizha muti unonwisa zuva rega rega, mumatambo - rimwe zuva rimwe nerimwe, uye munguva yechando - kwete kamwe kaviri pavhiki. Mvura yekudiridza inofanira kunge yakamira uye kwete pasi pekukanda kwekamuri. Kudiridza nemvura inotonhora kunokonzera njere uye kuwira mashizha.
Kana uchipa kumquat, zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinofanira kuonekwa. Kuwedzerwa kwekushandiswa kwema fertilizer kunobva paukuru hwehari uye ukuru hwemuti: zviduku muhari uye zvakakura kumquat, kunyanya kufungidzira. Kinkan inobereka zvibereko kubva munaMarch kusvika kuSeptember inoberekwa 2-3 nguva pamwedzi, kubva munaSeptember kusvika March - kamwechete pamwedzi kana zvishoma zvishoma. Nokuti huteresi inoshandisa sarudzo yemamineral fertilizer: kupera mumvura yakadzika ammonium nitrate (2-3 g), sodium chloride kana potassium munyu (1-2 g), nyore superphosphate (4-6 g). Izvo zvinodikanwa dzimwe nguva kudyisa kumquat kuputika mumvura nehuni ash. Muzhizha uye mumusika zvakanakisisa kushandura mineral fertilizer (isina chlorine) nepamusoro yekupfeka slurry (manyowa emombe nemvura muchiyero 1:10).
Kudyara fructose kumquat kunofanira kunge kune makore maviri (kana kuti pasi) kumagumo eFebruary kana kutanga kwaMarch. Kudyara muti mumubhodhoro mukuru kunotapudzwa. Asi iva nechokwadi chokuti midzi yakasungirirwa yepasi haina kukuvara. Nekushandiswa kwega kwega, chengetedza mvura. Saka, pasi pacho chaiyo yegiyo inoisa shatted side up shards ye shards, pavari 3-4 masikati ejecha rakakonzerwa-ganda uye chete ipapo inosanganiswa nevhu. Uyezve, zvakakosha kusarura pasi pasi mu coma yevhu, kwete kubvumira kukanganisa kumidzi. Muvhenganisi wevhu pakati pemadziro ehari uye pasi coma inogadzirwa. Kudyirwa kumquat kunofanira kudururwa zvakanyanya, kuiswa panzvimbo yakazununguka kwemazuva gumi nemaviri uye kusaswa korona zuva rimwe nerimwe.
Nekumquat, musanganiswa wevhu yevhu, chimiro chevhu chine ivhu, ivhu rakasvibirira, jira rinoshandiswa kana kuti rinotora muganhu rakakodzera (2: 1: 0.5: 1). Vanhu vakura makinkan inoda ivhu rakaoma kudarika vaduku, kureva, kwavari iyo yakawanda yemunda uye yevhu inowedzera ka 1.5-2 nguva.
Izvi zvinoparadzirwa nembeu, zvigadziriswa, zvakagadzirwa uye kubatanidza.