Asi chivharo chaamai chinokwana kwenguva shoma - kwemwedzi inoverengeka, kunyanya kwegore, zvichienderana nemhando yehutano inobatanidzwa. Uye zvino muviri wevana wakagadzirira kuumba hutachiona huripo uye hunobudisa hutachiona hwahwo hunopindura zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekunze kune antigen. Vaccines ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira, zviripo mune mushonga wemazuva ano. Zvirwere zvinotapukira ndezvirwere (somuenzaniso, hutachiona hweRervirus - "mumukiruru yemvura", masero, rubella, poliomyelitis) kana mabhakitiriya (tuberculosis, chifuva chinoputika, tetanus). Ikoko chirwere chinoderedzwa kana kuurayiwa pathogenic agent kana mumiririri wekugadzirira. Ano "simulates" chirwere ichi, inoita kopi yakaderedzwa. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti chirwere chinokonzera kushanda kwekuchengetedza kwepanyama-kubudiswa kwezvirwere. Vanoramba vari mumuviri, vachigadzira mafungiro avo ekuzivikanwa. Kutenda kuzvirwere zvinodzivirira, chibhokisi chikadzingwa munyika, chiitiko cheporiyo, diphtheria, tetanus, masero, makumbo, rubella, hepatitis B nezvimwe zvirwere zvakaderera zvakaderera. Ndapota cherechedzai, mhuka dzemhuka dzinorambidzwa kutorwa kunze kwegwagwa kusvikira dzichiwana chirwere mumwedzi yekutanga yehupenyu hwavo. Saka nei tichingobata shamwari dzedu duku kudaro uye nguva dzose tichiongorora patinotenga chipfuwo, chinopemerwa, uye hatidi kupora vana vedu here? Hemukisi inokosha uye inokosha.
Zvisinei, kuitira kuti usarudze kana uchizopora here kana kwete, iwe unofanirwa kuzivawo nezveimwe pfungwa yekuona nezvekudzivirira. Zvirinho zvinotidzivirira kubva kune zvirwere zvinouraya, asi zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru kune utano. Vanofanirwa kutarisirwa nekuchenjerera zvakanyanya uye vasati vachengetedzwa vachipikisana nachiremba. Mukufunga kwangu, hapana majekiseni akachengeteka. Kutanga, kuvhara muviri kunopesana nehutachiwana. Chechipiri, chirwere chimwe nechimwe chine zvinhu zvinotyisa zvinodzivirira. Inowanzova samariti e mercury kana aluminium. Chechitatu, mamwe majekiseni ane masikironi emambroni evanhu, i E. kubvisa zvinhu. Iyo chirwere chinopikisa rubella uye hepatitis A. Dambudziko rinokurumidza zvikuru, tsika. Mushure mokushanyira chiremba wevana, mumubvunze zvakanyanya pamusoro pezvirwere zvaunoronga kuisa mwana, pamusoro pezvingaitika, mugumisiro nemigumisiro yechirwere, kana iwe usingaiti vacheche mwana, uye anokurumidza kuitora. Uyewo pamusoro pehuwandu hwehutano hwekuita muzviputi kumushonga wacho pachako. Ongorora ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa uye uite sarudzo.
Hemukato inogona kuva isina kuroorwa (semuenzaniso, kurwisa masero, tuberculosis) kana akawanda (viral hepatitis B, polio, chirwere cheDTP chinopikisa pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus). Pane zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukuvadza muviri wemwana here? Zvichida kwete. Kubva pamwedzi mitatu yehupenyu hwemwana katatu nekanguva yemwedzi 1.5 inotanga kupora kuzorwa ne diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis uye poliomyelitis. Uyezve, mumakore achangopfuura chirwere chisingaitiki (chakaurayiwa) chakashandiswa kurwisa poliomyelitis, iyo yakachengeteka. Mushure mokunge chirwere chinoputika, mazhinji mazuva mashomanana anonzwa zvishoma, maronda anogona kupera uye kunyange fivhiri. Iyi inguva yakakurumidza yechirwere, iyo inobatsira kudzivisa chirwere chenguva. Mimwe mishonga mushure mokunge mujoyi isingaiti ivo pachavo vachinzwa zvachose. Iyo yakachengeteka inofungidzirwa sehutachiona hunopikisa hepatitis B, iyo inoitirwa kumucheche kunyange pazuva rokutanga rehupenyu, kana pane ngozi yekugadzirisa utachiona kubva kuna amai. Chirwere chimwe nechimwe, kufanana nemishonga chero ipi zvayo, inogona kukonzera kugadzikana kwemashure. Zvinetso zvinomuka kana chiremba asingacherecheri kuti zvinopesana nekupora. Semuenzaniso, varwere vanoenda kurapwa nema immunosuppressants havafaniri kujowa nemakiriniya anorarama. Muzhinji, mamiriro ezvinhu ayo majekesheni anopesana nawo, anogona kunge akasiyana zvikuru: kubva kuAAR kusvika kuhutachiona hwehutachiona. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, zviri nani kuti uone chiremba. Immunologists vatove vakaneta nekuzvidzivirira pachavo kubva kupomerwa kuti zvirwere zvinokonzera matambudziko. Nhamba idzi dzinosanganisira chero shanduko muhutano hwehutano mukati memwedzi mushure mekupora. Uye kazhinji hazvibatanidzi nehutachiona. Mukuwedzera kune zvinotenderwa, pane nhamba ye inoculations, iyo inowanikwa mukuda kwakanyanya. Munhu wese anoziva kuti zvirwere zvinopesana nekuda kwevakadzi vane pamuviri, asi kana imbwa yemberi inobatwa nembwa, zvichave zvakakodzera kuongorora zvakakwana uye kuwana chirwere chinorwisana nemarariya. Kana zvisina kudaro, njodzi yokurwara haisi amai chete, asiwo mwana.
Rimwe inoculation for two
Vanachiremba vanoti vakadzi vane pamuviri vakafanana nevarwere vane chirwere chisingaperi. Hazvishamisi, mushure mokunge zvose zvipenyu zvemangwana mumashandira zvemashure maviri, kutakura kukuru kunowira pasi, kusanganisira pamuviri wesimba. Chero jekisi kuvakadzi vane pamuviri inoshandiswa nekuchenjerera zvakanyanya, inopa kuti izvi zvingakanganisa sei mwana. Pane ngozi, kunyange kana mukadzi wacho akarwara nechimwe chinhu kwemwedzi mitatu asati abata pamuviri. Nokudaro, zvirongwa zvinorwisana nehutachiona hunofanira kurongedzwa zvisati zvaitika, zvichiita iwe pachako karenda. Zvose zvinoenderana nezera ramai. Pakazosvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu nemashanu kubva kumakore makumi maviri nemashanu, mukadzi anofanira kunge atova nemagetsi. Kana iye akwegura, iwe uchafanirwa kudzokorora majekiseni "mwana" (rubella, chickenpox, masero, parotitis, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, hemophilia). Mwana achawana chitunha chaamai uye achachengetedzwa mumwedzi yekutanga yeupenyu. Asi ikozvino pahutachiwana, zvirwere zvinorarama hazvigoni kutarisirwa, nokuti utachiona hunogona kuva muropa romwana. Kana pane ngozi yokuti amai vakamirira vanotora utachiona, vanowana jekiseni remunoglobulin - idzi dzakagadzirirwa zvirwere zvinodzivirira kurwara. Mumazuva ekupedzisira ekudzivirira, unogona kushandisa chirwere chinonzi rubella kana mukadzi asina kurwara kare. Ichi chirwere chinorarama, asi panguva ino hutachiona hahuzokuvadzi mwana. Pasina kadhi rekudzivirira, mwana angangorambwa kubvumirwa kuchikoro chechikoro. Zvepamutemo, anofanirwa kuendeswa kuchikoro chechikoro uye kuchikoro. Kunyange zvakadaro, muchokwadi ikoko pachave nematambudziko nehutungamiri, kunyanya tichifunga nezvemhando yemauto atinayo muchechi chechikoro. Saka ivai vakagadzirira chero kuchinja kwezviitiko.
Parwendo rurefu
Vafambi kunyange zvazvo vasingatarisirwi sevarwere vasingaperi, asiwo vanofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya kurapwa. Uye izvi hazvirevi kungoenda kune dzimwe nyika dzisinganzwisisiki. Semuenzaniso, hepatitis A yakambofungidzirwa se inoculation, asi chirwere ichi chichiri kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasununguka nyika, somuenzaniso, muTurkey, Egypt, Spain, Cyprus. Willy-nilly iwe unoshamisika kuti unoenda kupi nguva inotevera pazororo. Hosha yeTyphoid fever inogadzirirwa vatashanyi vanoenda kunyika dziri kusimukira dzeNorth Africa, India, Central Asia. Yellow fever inowanikwa muAfrica neSouth America. Kemukari inogadzirwa kwevhiki rimwe chete kusvika kwemaviri asati agadzirira rwendo, zvakakwana kuti vachengete kamwe chete mumakore gumi. Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika kune isu inokonzerwa nekete-encephalitis inogona kutapukirwa kwose kwose: kubva Karelia kuenda kuUalals neSiberia. Ichokwadi, nzvimbo yeMoscow nechepakati peRussia, nharaunda haina kusvika yakatora zvakakwana kutaura pamusoro pehosha. Asi kana iwe kazhinji uchienda musango, zviri nani kuti uwane chirwere. Iyo shiri inorwara H5N1 code inenge ichiri kunzwa, asi chirwere chacho hachina kusimbiswa zvakadaro. Zvose zvinosara kune vanoenda kuEsia ndezvekudzivirira mapurazi emakumbo uye chenjerera kubika nyama nemazai. Iye zvino tinoziva kuti chirwere chinokosha zvakadini kumwana.