Parotitis chirwere (mumps) chirwere chinotapukira chinoratidzwa nekukundwa kwezvikamu zvinokanganisa uye nheyo yepamusoro yenheyo (CNS). Makore mazana mana BC asati asvika. e. Hippocrates akatanga kurondedzera chirwere chinonzi parotitis. Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvinoitika mumabasa eCelsus naGalen. Kubva pakuguma kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, ruzivo pamusoro pehutachiona uye kliniki yehutachiona ichi hwave huchiwedzera.
Icho causative agent we mumps isvirusi yejeri Paramyxovirus. Icho hachina kushandiswa zvachose pakushambidza kwe 55-60 ° C (kwemaminitsi makumi maviri), ne-UV irradiation; anononoka kune chiito che 0.1%% formalin solution, 1% lysol, 50% alcohol. Pachine 4 ° C, kupera kwehutachiona hunochinja kwemazuva mashomanana, -20 ° C inopfuurira kwemavhiki mashoma, uye -50 ° C inoguma mwedzi yakawanda.
Chirwere chechirwere ichi mwana anorwara mumazuva ekupedzisira ekuputirwa kwemazuva (rimwe kana maviri mazuva asati asvika sechirwere chemakiriniki) uye kusvikira musi wegumi nematatu wechirwere. Munguva iyi, hutachiona huri kure nemuviri wevarwere nemate. Kutapukisa kwakaipisisa kunowanikwa mumazuva matatu kusvika mashanu kubva pakutanga kwechirwere ichi. Utachiona hunopfurikidzwa nemadonhwe emhepo panguva yekukurukurirana, kukwezva, kuchenesa. Pane hutachiwana hwehutachiona kuburikidza nezvinhu zvekumba, matoyi, nezvimwewo. Nokuda kwekusabatwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa ne catarrhal zvirwere kune varwere vane mawere ane hutachiona, uyewo saliva isina kubvumira mukati mavo, utachiona hunongowanikwa mune zvepabonde.
Dambudziko guru sechirwere chepachirwere varwere vane maitiro akadzimwa kana asina kuenzana echirwere, izvo zvakaoma kuziva uye saka zvakasununguka kubva kumapoka evana. Iko kune dhiyabhorosi pamusoro pekugona kwekuenderera mberi kwekutapukirwa kwehutachiona uye kutapurirwa kweprauterine ye fetus. Kukanganisika kumakumbo kwakakwirira chaizvo. Vana vari pakati pemakore 2 ne10 vane zvirwere zvakanyanya. Vana vari pasi pegore rimwe vanorwisana nehutachiona ichi, sezvo vane utachiona hwekuzvidzivirira kwahwo.
Parotitis yakanyorwa sezviitiko zvakasara, pamwe chete nehosha inopera. Inonyanya kuwedzera mukuwedzerwa kunoitika muchando uye mugore. Chiitiko chacho chakakwirira pakati pevana vari mumapoka. Mushure mekunge utachiona hutachiona, kazhinji, chirwere chisingagumi chine simba chinogadzirwa Chirwere chinokonzerwa nemukomana hachiwanzoitiki
Gedhi remukova wehutachiona ihwo hupombwe hwemapfupa ekuputika mumuromo, uyewo mucous membrane yeziso.
Zviratidzo .
Parotitis hutachiona kakawanda hunoita hutachiona hweparotid (parotitis), zvichida inosanganisira submandibular (submaxillitis) uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinonzi sublinguitis, pancreas (pancreatitis). Kunyanya meningitis kunowanzozara. Chimwe chisingaoneki uye chakanyanya kuratidzwa kwehutachiona ndeye meningoencephalitis. Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti, maererano nemanzwiro emazuva ano, zvipembenene zvomuviri (orchitis kana pancreatitis) kana CNS (meningitis) kana chirwere cheparotitis chichionekwa sechiratidzwa, asi kwete chinetso.
Maererano nehuwandu hwemazuva ano, maitiro ehutachiona hunosiyana mumhando uye zvakasimba. Mhando dzakasiyana dzinosanganisira: chiremera chemuviri unochera - kurega kana kusanganiswa (glandular form); kukunda kwepakati yenheyo system (inotyisa fomu); chironda chezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanyanyisa uye CNS (yakabatanidzwa fomu). Atypical inosanganisira fomu yakacheneswa uye isingaenzaniswi. Nokunyanyisa, mapapu, maitiro akakura uye maitiro akaoma echirwere anozivikanwa, kuoma kuva nhamba yezvitsotsi zvinoshushwa (imwe kana kupfuura), kuwedzera kwekuputika, dhigirii reNCS kukuvadza (kuoma kwe meningeal uye encephalitic zviratidzo), doro rekudhakwa.
Nguva yekuputika kwechirwere parotitis inotangira kubva pa11 kusvika kune makumi maviri (inenge ye18-20). Chirwere chinotanga mushure me 1-2 zuva prodromal nguva kana pasina prodrome. Kazhinji kutonhora kunokwira kusvika 38 - 39 ° С. Varwere vanowanzonyunyutira misoro, marwadzo pamberi pekunze kwemugodhi wepamusoro uye munzvimbo yeparotid salivary gland, kurwadziwa kana kutsva uye kumedza. Pane kuvhara kwechirwere chepatioti salivary kune rumwe rutivi, uye kwemazuva maviri gare gare gland richazununguka kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Iyo inotanga kuwedzera nekuwedzera kwakanyanya mumucheno unobuda, uye ruvara rwe nzeve runokwira kumusoro
Submaxillite inenge nguva dzose inowanzobatanidzwa nemakumbo, kazhinji kazhinji - kurega. Zvirwere zviviri-zvakasvibiswa zvinoratidzwa nehutano hwakasiyana-siyana munharaunda ye submaxillary nzvimbo (kupfugama), kurira kwemuviri mutsvuku. Neonilateral lesion, asymmetry yechiso uye kuzvimba kune rumwe rutivi zvinoratidzwa. Pakunonoka, kudzvinyirira pamwe nekufamba kwemajaya ezasi uye kusuruvara kunoonekwa. Kuwedzera kwezvinyorwa zvinokanganisa zvinopfuurira zvinosvikira kusvikira zuva rechitatu-5 rechirwere, edema, uye unyoro zvinowanzopererwa nemusi we6 kusvika ku9 wechirwere chacho.
Kakawanda chiratidzo chenguva dzose cheparotitis muvakomana is orchitis. Chimwe chezvinyorwa chinobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa, asi kukundwa kwechipiri kunogonawo. Orchitis inowedzera musi we5th-7 wechirwere. Muchikamu chacho uye mumugwagwa, kune marwadzo anowedzera nekufamba. Inotonhora inomuka, chills uye musoro. Iyo nyanzvi yakawedzerwa 2-3 nguva, yakabatanidzwa, kune chironda chakaipisisa mu palpation, ganda riri pamusoro paro rinoputika. Zviratidzo izvi zvinopfuurira kwemazuva 6-7 uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinonyangarika.
Muparotitis, vasikana vakwegura dzimwe nguva vanowanzobatana nehovary (oophoritis), bartholinitis (bartholinitis) uye mammary glands (mastitis)
Pancreatitis inokura mushure mekukundwa kwezvinyorwa zvinopisa, asi dzimwe nguva zvinotangira kana kuti kuratidzwa kwechirwere chete. Varwere vane tsvina, vanoramba vachirutsira, vakaiswa maronda, pane dzimwe nguva vakakomberedzwa maronda kurwadziwa, kunowanikwa munzvimbo yepagastric, kuruboshwe hypochondrium kana mumhazha. Ikoko kune kuvhara, kuvhiringidzika, uye kazhinji kasingaregi chigaro. Zvinhu izvi zvinosangana nemusoro, chills, fever. Paunenge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchitarisa. Kana zviratidzo izvi zvinosanganiswa nechirwere chezvipembenene zvinotapira kana murwere anotorwa kubva kune moto wakawanda wemakumbo, ipapo kuongororwa kunoitwa nyore. Nzira yepancreatitis kana mumakondombera yakakosha. Zviratidzo zvezvipembenene zvinoputika zvinopera shure kwemazuva 5-10
Serous meningitis inoratidzika kuratidzwa kweparotitis utachiona muvana. Kazhinji iyo inosanganiswa nezvipembenene zvemuviri unotapira uye inotanga mazuva matatu kusvika ku 6 mushure mokutanga kwemakumbo. Munyaya iyi, pane hyperthermia, musoro, kusvetuka. Ikoko kunogona kuguma, kurasikirwa kwekuziva. Nzira ye serous meningitis mumumvu inowanikwa zvakanaka. Zviratidzo zvemakiriniki zve meningitis zvinowanzopedza mazuva masere kusvika mashanu
Chiratidziro chisingaonekwi chemuviri hwekudzivirira ndeche meningoencephalitis, zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa mushure mezuva rechishanu rechirwere. Panguva imwecheteyo, adynamia, kuvhiringidzika, kurara, kunetseka, kurasikirwa kwekuziva kunoonekwa. Zvadaro pane zvakanyanya zviratidzo zvechiremba, zvichida kukurudzirwa kwepresis yemakumbo emhepo, hemiparesis. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, meningoencephalitis inoguma zvakanaka.
Izvo zvinoreva kuti parotitis inenge nguva dzose inofadza.
Matambudziko haawanzoitiki. Nekuparara kwepakati pemapete, testicular atrophy uye kuguma kwe spermatogenesis zvinogoneka. Meningitis uye meningoencephalitis zvinogona kutungamirira paresis kana kuora mitezo yemitsipa yakaoma, kukuvadza kweropa rekuongorora.
Kurapa kweparotitis chiratidzo. Mune nguva yakaoma yechirwere, zororo rinoratidzwa. Kuchengetedza kupisa panzvimbo yakakanganiswa, kupisa kwakanyanyisa kunorudzirwa. Zvokudya zvemvura, zvinowanzoshambidza muromo. Nefivha uye misoro inokurudzira paracetamol, nurofen, nezvimwe. Ne orchitis inoratidzirwa kushandiswa kwekumiswa kwemhepo, pamusoro pemvura inotonhora. Kana zvichifungidzirwa kuti pane pancreatitis, murwere anofanira kuiswa muchipatara. Deredzai kudya kweproteine nemafuta kusvikira kusakwana kwekudya kwemazuva maviri.
Kudzivirira. Varwere vane mambure vari voga pamusha kana muchipatara (mune maitiro akaoma). Panguva ino, pane kudzivirira kwakananga kwemakumbo. Kuvharirwa nemushonga unoratidzira attenuated unoitwa kamwe pazera remakore gumi nemashanu kusvika pamakore, panguva imwe chete nekupora kurwisa rubella uye masero.