Vabatsiri Vanokosha
Congenital reflexes inopindirana nekuzvibata kwemwana kune chimwe chinhu chinobva kunze. Mazuva ano neonatology inovaona sechimiro che "zvigadzirwa" zvenguva pfupi zvekutanga kweupenyu hwezviputi: muchokwadi, pasinei nokuti maitiro mazhinji emitambo achiri muchiri chekutsvaira, mwana anofanira kunge akakwanisa kutarisira mabasa anokosha, somuenzaniso, kufema, nzira yekudya. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kwepakutanga mafungiro akazara kunoratidza hutano hwakanaka uye kushanda kwakanaka kwenheyo yenheyo yepamusoro. Nokudaro, muedzo wokutanga wekufungidzira mwana anopfuura nguva pfupi aberekwa.
Kune marudzi akadaro emafungiro:
- kugovera basa rezvigadziriro zvemuviri (kufema, kupararira, kudya uye vamwe): kuyamwa, kupemha nezvakadaro;
- kudzivirira (kubhenekera muchiedza chakajeka, kuvhara maziso kana uchivabata);
- chinoratidza (tsvaga reflex, kutendeuka kwemukoko kuenda kune chiedza chiedza);
- atavistic (archaic, nhaka kubva kumadzitateguru), izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinopera: kubata mafungiro, kufamba-famba, kutamba-cheka uye vamwe.
Nhasi, zvinopfuura gumi nemashanu congenital reflexes yevana vachangoberekwa vanozivikanwa. Sei zvakasikwa zvikawanda zvakadaro, masayendisiti anoona zvakaoma kupindura, asi zvakajeka - zvose zvinodiwa pane imwe nzvimbo yekukura kwomwana. Mamwe mafungiro anopfuurira muhupenyu hwose (semuenzaniso, kupumha), asi kazhinji kazhinji inopera sezvinongoita huropi (mumwedzi yekutanga kusvika kumashanu yeupenyu). Nzvimbo yavo inotarisana nekugadzikana kwakaoma uye kugadzirisa mafungiro ezvakanaka zvinokanganisa, iyo basa rayo "rinotarisirwa" ne cerebral cortex (panzvimbo pezvivako zveccortical uye uropi hwepakati, semuenzaniso wemafungiro asina kukwana). Kukudziridza mwana mumuviri, tinoisa nheyo dzehuchenjeri huzhinji-muvana zvinhu izvi zvakabatana zvikuru! Masayendisiti eAmerica akaita shanduro yekudzidzisa vana vachangoberekwa vachifamba-kubva pamubereki "kutama" reflex: vasati vadya, amai vakagadzika patafura kuitira kuti vagadzirise makumbo. Maererano nemigumisiro yekudzidza, "vatambi" vose vakatanga kufamba voga kwemwedzi minomwe kusvika kumasere, uye vakanga vakangwara kupfuura mamwe vana.
Tarisa!
Zvechokwadi, muongorori chete neonatologist anogona kunyatsonzwisisa dambudziko re "primary" vabatsiri kumucheche, asi richave rakakosha kuti vabereki vazive zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro. Ichokwadi ndechokuti chirongwa chekugadzirwa kweiyo genetically engineered yemwana mugore rokutanga rehupenyu chakanyatsochengetedza, uye inongogara iri chekufungidzira uye kuongororwa kwemasimba ekuvandudzika kwavo anobvumira kuziva kana pane kutyorwa kunobva kune rumwe rutivi rwenheyo. Kunze kwekuti, kutarisa "unyanzvi" hwezvimedu zvinonakidza! Nokudaro, tinoita "test reflex": Kutsvaga reflex (Kussmaul reflex) - mwana anotendeuka musoro mukupindura kumubata padama, uye apo kugunzva ganda iri mumakona emuromo - kunodzikisa muromo wakadzika uye kunoshandura rurimi kune chinokurudzira (kutsvaga chifuva chaamai). Ichi chikonzero chikamu chinodikanwa chekudya kunotsvaka masikirwo, uye inonyanya kutaurwa musati wadya. Anofa panenge mavhiki matanhatu kusvika ku7, anonyangarika zvachose pakuguma kwegore rokutanga. Suckling reflex - inoratidzwa mukushingaira kunoyera kufamba, zvinongoda chete kuisa munwe kana pacifier mumuromo. "Pakushanda" mugore rokutanga. Proboscis reflex - nekunyorera zvishoma pamiromo yemwana, musungo wepachiyero wemuromo unobvumirana, zvichiita kuwedzera kwemiromo neproboscis. Kusvikira kumwedzi miviri kana mitatu. Chindori-oral reflex (Babkin's reflex) - kana iwe ukasimudza chigunwe chako pachigunwe chemukomana (munzvimbo yekumusoro kwechigunwe), muromo unotanga uye musoro unotendeuka. Inopera kwemwedzi mitatu kana mina. Kubata reflex (Refin's reflex) - kana yakabatwa nemichindwe yoruvoko, mwana wacho anotora uye anotora "iyo." Uye zvakasimba zvakasimba: somuenzaniso, anogona, akabata maoko ake kumashure kweminwe yevakuru, kurembera, kuchengeta mutoro wemuviri wake! Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaneta pamwedzi mitatu kana mina. Kudzivirirwa kunofadza - muchinzvimbo chemuviri, mwana anosimudza musoro wake ndokutendeukira parutivi rwake kuitira kuti asagunun'una (ne hypertonus, musoro unokandirwa shure, izvo dzimwe nguva zvisinganzwisisiki seanokwanisa kuzvigadzirisa). Kusvikira kumwedzi miviri.
Babinsky reflex (mumiri) - kana munwe uchitarisana nechekunze kwegumbo, zvigunwe zvetsoka zvinoputika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana (uye kumanikidza munwe pachigadziko chetsoka kunokonzera minwe kuchinja). Kusvikira mwedzi mina kusvika ku5. Moro Reflex - inoitika nenzwi guru, nekubata kamwe-kamwe: pakutanga mwana anotseuka, anodonha anogadzirisa uye anowedzera minwe yake, zvino - sekunge achizvibvuma. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti zviitwe kunze chete nechinangwa chokuongororwa, kuitira kuti usatya kune imwe nguva yakawanda. Kuora mwoyo kwemwedzi mina kana mashanu. Rutsigiro rwenzira - kana iwe ukamutsa mwana, uchiitora pasi pemarara (musoro unofanira kutsigirwa neminwe yezinyorera), inonamatira makumbo muzvibatanidza. Muchipo chekusigirwa - rinotsigira netsoka yake yakazara uye "inomira" pamakumbo akarembera, kururamisa trunk. Yakarondedzerwa kusvika mwedzi nehafu. Reflex achifamba-famba -kuenderera mberi kworutsigiro rwakasimba. Muchigaro chepamusoro (mwana wacho akachengetwa pasi pemakonzo), gumbo rinosara pamakumbo ari patafura, uye kana iwe uchiikurira zvishoma mberi - "unoenda" (kune mafambiro ekutsika). Physiological kusvikira mwedzi nehafu. Kurwisana kunofamba (Bauer) - munzvimbo yepamucheche mwana anokwidza musoro wake uye anokambaira, kana iwe ukaisa chanza chako kumakumbo (kusundira kubva kutsigirwa). Kusvikira kumwedzi mina. Chiratidzo cheTarente - kana iwe ukasunungura munwe wako kumativi ose kubva mumufudzi kusvika pamagaro, mwana wemabhedha ari kutungamirirwa nekusimudzira. Kusvikira kumwedzi mitatu kana mina. Reflex Peres - kana iwe ukapinza munwe wako pamutsana kubva pamakumbo kusvika pamutsipa, mwana achakotama, kusimudzira musoro uye kuchema. Kusvikira kumwedzi mitatu kana mina. Kushambira kunofadza - mwana anoita kuti kufanana kwakafanana nokushambira, kana iwe uchiisa mudumbu rako. Kusvikira kumwedzi mitatu kana mina. Kufema kufema kunonoka - apo mvura inorova chiso, mwana anongobata mweya mukati memasekondi 5-6. Reflex inobatsira mwana kuti akunde akachengetedza chirwere chekuzvarwa (uye gare gare unyanzvi hunosiyana hwechecheche hunoshandisa nzira dzekudzidzisa vana vanochera). Inopera mushure memwedzi wechitatu.
Pane chinokurudzira!
Zvakakosha here kukudziridza congenital reflexes? Mafungiro evanyori panyaya iyi akave akaparadzaniswa: vamwe vanofunga kuti zvakashata (ivo vose vachafanirwa kunze), vamwe vanoziva kuti zvakakosha!
Nokuti:
- kukurudzirwa kwekunzwisisa kusingabvumirwi kunokurudzira "kukura" kwavo mumashandi akachengetedzeka emagetsi (zvinotsigira, kudhonza, kutamba, kushambira);
- mwana wacho anokura mumuviri akasimba, kusakara, kushanduka. Mukuwedzera, mabasa akadaro anowanzobatana kushingaira kwekubatana kwecheche nevabereki, kuwedzera motokari yake uye kukwanisa kutaura nemhepo.
Kunyorera
Kazhinji, mafungiro emwana ane utano akaenzana ("mhinduro" inofanana kune zvose kurudyi uye kuruboshwe). Kudzvinyirirwa kwekufungidzira kunogona kusanganiswa nekuputsika kwekutaura kwemasimba kana kusagadzikana kwehurongwa hwemagetsi. Kugadzirisa kune kuongororwa kunokosha chete pamwe chete nedzimwe zviratidzo (kushandura chero chinenge chisina kuitika mukushayikwa kwemamwe matambudziko emagetsi hakusi chikonzero chekutya).
Gymnastics for the development of reflexes
Izvi zvinokurudzira kubata uye "danho" mafungiro. Vavatadzi veimwe nzira yekuvandudza kwekutanga Boris naElena Nikitina vaidavira kuti purogiramu yakaderera iyi yaizokwanika: kukudziridza mafungiro, mwana akadzidziswa "pamutambo wokutanga", uye haasi kudzidza zvose "anew", iyo inopiwa zvakaoma. Shandisai minwe yechirwere mumucheche mucheche uye muedze kuisimudza kumusoro kwechirafu kana kuisa pamakumbo. Isa sarafu mumutanda uye kuratidza kuti ingatorwa sei. Kutsigira, mwana achasimbisa masimba emaoko uye kumashure, asati atanga kugara pasi ndokumuka. Isai makumbo makumbo uye mumubvunze "kufamba zvishoma". Unoda zvimwe here? Pasi pekutungamirirwa nemudzidzisi ane ruzivo, edza kuyamwisa (inowedzera "mvura" reflexes) kana kudzidzira kubva kune gymnastics yakasimba (takaonana nevanachiremba kare). Iyi nzira inodzokera kumashure akapfuura: muRussia vana vaiwanzoendeswa pasi pemakumbo, vachikandwa kumusoro, vachikanganiswa ivo pachavo. Chimwe chinonyanya kukosha chemasimba matsva ndiko kugutsikana kwemotokari yenguva yemwana panguva apo kusununguka kwakasununguka hakugere kuwanika kwaari.