Ndivanaani vane thrips uye vakabva kupi?
Zvakawedzerwa, kushandiswa kwekugara kwevanhu munyika kunowana zvitsva zvitsva mumiti yavo. Vamwe "vagari vemo" vanogona kukunde miganhu yenyika pachavo (neColorado beetle yakatizira kwatiri kubva kuPoland muna 1949, rimwe bhururu reAmerica rakapfuura nemuganhu weSoviet neHungary muna 1952). Chikamu chikuru che "vatorwa" chinopinda zvisina ngozi nemimwe michina yakatengeswa, pamotokari dzakasiyana-siyana. Ndizvo chaizvo mumakore makumi manomwe emakore ekupedzisira greenfly yakauya kwatiri, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura Maruva eNyika yeMadokero inowedzera.
Dzimwe nguva kuonekwa kwe "vanyengeri" hakungatarisirwi kune vanofamba-famba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuparadzwa kwezvipembenene kana kunyanya kunzvimbo yepisto foci inova basa rakaoma. Iko kunogona kwekugadzira mamwe marudzi kunogona kufanotaurwa. Uye mune zvimwe zviitiko - kudzivirira kupararira kwavo kwose kwose, somuenzaniso, thrips.
Inobata zvipembenene zviduku zvikuru zvine urefu hwe 0, 5-5 mm. Muzhizha, vanogona kunge vaine nguva dzose kuonekwa pamaplorescences e dandelion, chicory, pamashizha eeiii ne gladiolus. Inoenda kwose kwose yakawana mukurumbira wezvipembenene zvinotyisa zvikuru zvezvirimwa zvakasimwa. Kubudirira majisi kubva kumiti yakasvibirira, vanononoka kukura kwemashizha, mashizha, kudzivirira kuzarura kwemafuro, kuchenesa maruva, kuderedza kunaka kwezvirimwa. Izvi zvipembenene zvinowanzotakura mavirusi.
Havasi vose vaflorist vakaziva nzira yehupenyu yekurwisa ichangobva kubuda uye yakaipisisa yakawanda yeCalifornia thrips. Uye inguva yekugadzirisa kudzorera kurwiswa kwemarudzi matsva - Thrips palmi thrips uye America echinotrypsis. Chokutanga, chinonyangadza chemaoriki, chinobva kuSouth-East Asia, yechipiri - kubva kuNorth America.
Kufarira America kwakaonekwa muEurope muma1990. "Gateway" yezvipembenene zvitsva zvakanga zviri kuNetherlands zvine mazita avo anozivikanwa nemaruva, ayo anounza mbeu kubva kumativi ose enyika. Kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe nyika, zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa kudyara maruva, kudyara zvinhu, zvigadzirwa zvemiti zvinogadzirwa. Ndiyo yekupedzisira - zvokudya zvaanoda kwaari. Western floral thrips inokuvadza maruva, uye thrips kuAmerica inowanzokonzera mashizha, mumucherechedzo iyo vakadzi vanoisa mazai.
Pachine 20 ° C, chizvarwa chimwe chetrips chinowedzera mwedzi nehafu, uye pa30 ° mumavhiki maviri. Mukadzi anoita mavhareji anenge maawa anenge 80. Mu hothouse uye mumamiriro ezvinhu, nzvimbo dzinopararira gore rose. Zvikamu zvose zvekugadzirwa kwetripi zvinongowanikwa chete pamiti. Pamashizha unogona kusangana mazai, maphupa emakore maviri nevakuru panguva imwe chete.
Nokudaro, vana vakawanda vevanhu vanoverengeka vakaunzwa nemiti, kwegore kana iyo isingauraye, saka kunyange chibage chikuru chichave chakasvibiswa zvikuru. Pakutanga, basa ravo rinokonzera kuonekwa kwemavara echando. Asi zvipembenene zvine gumi zvepirati zvakakwana kuti zviitwe kupera. Zvokudya zvevanhu 30-40 zvinongotungamirira kune shrinkage uye leaffall, iyo inotanga nechepasi. Uye kunyange zvazvo trips isingawanzoendesa muti wacho kuti ufe, asi unonyanya kuderedza kushandiswa kwayo. Inobatsira kuparadzanisa marudzi anopfuura zana emiti. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakare zvinorwisa zvirima zvekurima: clover, cucumber, tomato, pepper.
Varimi vemizambiringa vanogona kutotumidza mazita emiti yakawanda sevamwe kupfuura kuedza. Ava ndivo vamiririri vearoid (spathiphilium, syngonium, diffenbachia, vanhurium, philodendron) uye balsamic. Uyezve, "mutorwa" anokuvadza zvakanyanya acalifu, asparagus, bamboo, codaium, kordilinu, chrysanthemums, dracenes, molochae, ficus, ivy hibiscus, passionflower, pepe-romium, rhododendrons, uye ragwort.
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei thrips?
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei nhamo iyi, kana iri pamiti? Maiwe, tinoziva kuti hakuna maitiro mazhinji anobudirira ekugadzirisa matambudziko. Chiyero chekudzivirirwa kwezvirimwa kubva kuEchinotrypsa kuAmerica kazhinji hachina kunyatsogadzirwa. Kushandiswa kwemakemikari hakusi nguva dzose inoshanda. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemararamiro epanguva pfupi yeprifi, uye kune yakakwirira kumirisana nemishonga yakawanda yezvipembenene.
MuEurope, vatungamiri vari mumunda wekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuchengetedzwa kwemagadzirirwo semuvimbisi wekutendeseka wezvisikwa zvechirwere ichi chinorayira nzira yekuraira. VaFlorist vanoshandisa vavengi varo vemazuva ose: zvipembenene zvinotyisa zveFranklinothrips vespiformis uye zvipukanana zvemarudzi eOrius. Vose avo nevamwe vanogona kutotengwa kare mumashamba ezvitoro zveMadokero kweEurope nemaguta makuru eRussia.
Sezvenguva dzose, maitiro ekudzivirira anoramba achibudirira. Zvinonyatsojeka kuti jira duku rakatariswa nedendere mumushonga wezvirimwa zvisingakwanisi kuona. Rinoramba riripo chete kuti rione zvitsva zvitsva zvekutsvaga uye nokukurumidza kurambidza zvidhori nemarondedzero anotsanangurwa ekukuvadza. Uye makambani makuru eRussia anopa michina yakawanda yemichero kumisika yepamusha anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti purazi yemumwe wekune dzimwe nyika haina kutapukirwa nedambudziko iri.
Nzira yehupenyu yekurwisa thrips ine ramangwana rakanaka. Mushure mezvose, iyi ndiyo nzira yepanyama iyo haina kukuvadza zvisikwa.