Mhuri yeTarkovsky
Saka, chii chaifadza muupenyu hwaTarkovsky? Zvakanaka, biography yemutungamiriri akatanga semumwe munhu wese - kubvira pakuberekwa. Zuva rekuberekwa kwaAndreya - April 4, 1932. Nhoroondo yemunhu uyu ane tarenda yakatanga mumusha wekuRussia unowanzogara. Mhuri yeTarkovsky yaigara munzvimbo yeTrans-Volga yeharaunda yeIvanovo. Asi, zvisinei, vabereki vaAndrei vakanga vakadzidza zvikuru uye vakangwara. Zvichida, kwaiva kuvonga kwavari kuti biography yemagetsi epa cinematic yakagadzirwa. Ichokwadi ndechokuti baba vemutungamiriri vaiva mudetembi, uye amai vake mutambi wemifananidzo.
"Utano" hwakanaka Tarkovsky
Pasinei nokuti Andrei akakurira mumusha, nguva dzose ainzwa ari mune chimwe chinhu chakakosha, aive akaberekerwa muhedheni. Kana vose vakomana vasina kuteerera kana vaine shangu dzakachena, kana vakange vane shati itsva, zvaive zvakakosha kuna Andrei. Pasinei nourombo hwemumhuri, uye shure kwezvose, amai vangu vakamutsa iye oga, sezvo baba vangu vakasiya apo mukomana ava nemakore mashanu, nguva dzose akasiyana pakuti akatarisa fashoni uye akakwanisa kuve akanaka. Apo iye naamai vake vakatamira kuMoscow, Andireya akatowedzerazve kuratidza zvaari chaizvo. Mukomana naamai vake vaigara muZamoskvorechye ndokuenda kuchikoro cheko. Nenzira, yaiva pachikoro ichi munyori wenhetembo akakurumbira Andrei Voznesensky akadzidza naye.
Andrei Tarkovsky haana kumbomanikidzwa kana kubviswa. Aiziva nzira yekuwana nzira uye kutaura nevose. Kunyange vadzidzisi vakanga vakaenzana naye. Akanga akasiyana zvikuru nevevheji vechidiki veSoviet. Andireya ave ari murume aikoshesa rusununguko uye akazvinzwa mukati make. Izvozvo zvinogona kupa vanhu vashomanana chete vapenyu panguva iyoyo. Munhu wese aiziva kuti freethinking yakazara sei. Asi Andrei haana kumbovhunduka izvi. Akagara akazvichengeta pachake, aifunga nenzira yaaida, ndokutaura zvaaifunga kuti zvakakodzera kutaura.
Unyanzvi hupenyu hwake
Tarkovsky aifarira unyanzvi kubva paudiki. Akaenda kuChikoro cheArt Art chakanzi shure kwe 1905. Zvisinei, pashure pokunge apedza chikoro kubva kuchikoro chesekondari, mutungamiri wemangwana haana kubva aziva kuti ndiani anoda kuti ave. Mukomana uyu akapinda mubazi reArabhu kuMiddle East faculty yeMoscow Institute of Oriental Studies. Aifarira uye akatoenda kunoshanda kuSiberia. Ikoko, parwizi, murume uyu akapedza mwedzi yese mitatu mukufamba kwegungwa. Asi zvakadaro, rudo rwekugadzirisa rwakatora matambudziko, uye shure kwokudzoka kuMoscow, Andrei akaenda kuVGIK. Ikoko akapfuura miedzo ndokupinda mumusangano waMikhail Romm. Vamwe pamwe naye vakadzidza zvakawanda zvakazivikanwa kuti vatarise nyeredzi dzechizvarwa ichocho. Asi kunyanya pane zvose panzira yacho yakabuda nematarenda avo asina kujairika Andrei Tarkovsky uye Vasily Shukshin. Nenzira, apo Shukshin naTarkovsky vakatora kuongororwa, komisheni yeimwe chikonzero haina kuda kuti vakomana vabvumirwe kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro yezvidzidzo. Vose vadzidzisi vakaudza Romm kutora vana. Uye haana kubvumirana, achitora chimwe nechimwe. Vasily naAndrey vakanga vakasiyana, semafuta nemvura. Vazhinji havana kutendeuka, asi Romma vakafunga kuti chaive huno humwe humwe hunozivikanwa hunodiwa nehutungamiri. Ndizvo zvakaitwa nevakomana ava mumusangano wake.
Zvidzidzo uye mapurogiramu ekutanga
Munguva dzekudzidza kwake, Tarkovsky akava shamwari dzepedyo neKonchalovsky. Pano ivo vakangofanana vakakurumbira maonero pamusoro pezvisikwa uye hupenyu. Ndicho chikonzero varume vakagara vachiita mapurojekiti akapiwa kwavari pamwe chete. Vaifarira kushanda muchidimbu, kugoverana pfungwa. Basa ravo rekufungidzira raiva pfupi pefirimu "A skating rink ne violin". Zvakashamisa uye zvakabudirira zvokuti zvakakunda mubayiro mukuru muNew York, apo pakanga pane makwikwi pakati pevadzidzi vemapurogiramu. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1961.
Mosfilm
Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, Tarkovsky akaenda kuMosfilm. Yefirimu yekutanga yaaifamba yaiva "Ivan's Childhood." Nhau iyi pamusoro pomwana wakaenda mberi akatendeuka uye akatambudzika zvokuti Tarkovsky akabva aona. Zvadaro mufananidzo "Ndine makore makumi maviri" ndakaonekwa pazvikwangwani. Mune firimu iyi, huzhinji hune hutano hwakawanda hwakaonekwa. Uye haisi vateereri chete, asiwo vanyori. Zvakadaro, somuenzaniso, saAndrei Voznesensky, Robert Rozhdestvensky Vadim Zakharchenko.
Imwe firimu, "Andrei Rublev," iyo yakaenda kune imwe nyika pasi pemusoro unoti "Kushushikana kwaAndireya," yaiva yechokwadi chaiyo. Mariri, Tarkovsky atotanga kuzivisa kupesana kwake. Ndokusaka kunze kwenyika iyi firimu yaifungidzirwa seyakasiyana-siyana. Asi munzvimbo yeSoviet yakasunungurwa kune zvishoma, yakaoma uye yakawanda yakabviswa. Zvechokwadi, panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kutaura zvakatendeseka uye pakutanga nezvehupenyu hwemufananidzo mukuru wemifananidzo. Tarkovsky akakwanisa kuratidza zvakawanda zvezvaive zvakakodzera kuti arambe akanyarara muSoviet Union.
Uye ipapo Tarkovsky akatora mbiri chaiyo, iyo yavanoyemura kusvikira nhasi. Izvi, zvechokwadi, "Solaris" uye "Stalker". Zviviri zvemafirimu aya ave vanyori vechokwadi veSoviet cinema. Zvinonakidza uye zvakasikwa zvokuti hazvigoni kuenzaniswa nevakawanda uye vazhinji veku Hollywood blockbusters. Pasina zviitiko zvakakosha, nguo dzinodhura uye dzakashongedzwa, Tarkovsky akakwanisa kuratidza chinangwa chekugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvemazana emakore ezvesayenzi zvenhema. Akazova nhoroondo achiri mupenyu, asi hurumende yeSoviet haina kumuziva. Andrew akanga asina nzvimbo munyika yake. Saka akaenda kuItari, uyezve kuFrance. Andrei akatora mamwe maviri mafananidzo akanaka, uye kunyange zvazvo akapiwa mubayiro, ivo vakanga vachiri kurambidzwa muSoviet Union. Uye yakanga ine shungu uye inorwadza.
Posthumous mukurumbira
Tarkovsky akanga asati ambozivikanwa, achiri mupenyu. Uye shure kwekufa kwake, apo simba reSoviet rakawa, vakataura pamusoro pake. Iye zvino mutungamiri anoyemura zvose zvizvarwa zvekare uye vechidiki. Iye ari, chaizvoizvo, chiratidzo chema cinema. Iye ndiye munhu uyo aiziva kupfura mafirimu akawanda, akadzika uye asingadikanwi apo zvakange zvisingabvumirwi. Heano zvakadai iye, asingagoneki uye anofadza, iyo biography yeTarkovsky, isina kuzivikanwa munguva yake senyanzvi ye cinema ...