Kusvikira munguva pfupi ichangopfuura, munhu wese aive nechivimbo chekuwedzera kwehupfumi hweRussia, uye unhu hunokosha hwevanhu vanosimudzira vatengi-hupenyu pachikwereti-vakavimbiswa chete "iye zvino". Nguva yekuverengera yakatanga, sekusingaperi, zvisingatarisirwi. Dambudziko rakatibata isu tisina kugadzirira! Ndinogona here kutenga ikozvino motokari kana imba pane chikwereti? Zvinokwanisika kutora chikwereti pamusha usina kupera here? Ndiani ari kupiwa chikwereti iye zvino? Uye zvakakosha here kubhadhara ikozvino, kana zviri nani kuti usabatanidzwa mune zvekwereti nemabhengi? Tiri kutsvaga mhinduro yemibvunzo iyi pamwechete ...
ZVINOKOSHA
Izvozvo, shure kwekusavapo kwegore ra1998, kuedzwa kwesimba reRussian banking system kwakaitika makore gumi gare gare - muna vvumbi 2008. Zvisinei, kutyisidzira pakati pevanhu, Central Bank uye hurumende yakakwanisa kumisa, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinyorwa zvine chivimbo nevakuru vepamusoro kuti "dambudziko reRussia harina kunaka," uye kune rimwe, kusimudza mari yebhadhadziro inosvika 700 000 rubles. Muna December zvakange zvakajeka kuti vanhuwo zvavo vakamira kutora mari yavo kubva kumabhangi, uye vekupedzisira havana kuzoshushikana pamusoro pemabasa avo.
Zvisinei, kubvira pakutanga kwa2012 yakava pachena: matambudziko ari kutanga uye haadi kugadziriswa. Chokutanga pane zvose, izvi zvinoshandiswa ne "mahombekiti" akaipa. Kana munhu anenge atora chikwereti (bhangi) asinganetseki kuti akakwereta (muchengeti) achadzorera mari yakakweretwa (nemari, zvechokwadi), chikwereti chinonzi "hachina kunaka". Kana bhizinesi risingagamuchiri purofisi kubva kune chikwereti, haigoni kubhadhara chikwereti kuna avo avo, ivo vakapawo mari (deposit holders). Zvose izvi zvakamanikidza mabhanhire kunyatsofunga zvakare nezvehutano hwavo pamusoro pezvikwereti zvakapiwa. Chokutanga pane zvose, kwaive nekuderedzwa kwezvirongwa zvekwereti. Iyo yakareba kwenguva yakareba-yekutengesa zvikwereti - ndiyo yekutanga kugumburwa. Absolutely frozen kukweretesa mapurogiramu pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vasingagari uye vasina kugadziriswa pfuma.
Nhamba yakabudiswa nemari yezvikwereti zvemari kana ichienzanisa nekumagumo kwegore rapera yakaderera katanhatu. Izvo zviyero pavhareji zvakapetwa kaviri (kubva 10-15% kusvika 20-30% mu rubles), nhamba yezvibvumirano zvinobvumirwa zvave zvichienderera mberi zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mugore regore rapera ra 80%, asi uwandu hwokubhadhara pasi (anenge 30%) huri kuwedzera.
Kukweretesa kwevatengi kwakagadziridzwawo uye haisi mukana wevakwereta. Mukuedza kuderedza mari, mabhizinesi akavhara mahofisi e "zvinokweretesa zvikwereti", saka anotishungurudza mumahombekitari makuru emisha midziyo gore rapera. Mukurwisana kwezvakaitika zvinoshungurudza matanho ekusimudzirwa kwehuwandu hwemabasa pamahombekombe echinguva pfupi mumari zvakare yakasimuka kuti inyore mazinga (chimiro che 40% yemari yose yekwereti nhasi hakuna munhu anoshamiswa). Panguva imwecheteyo, vadzidzisi vemari yekubhadhara makadhi emakadhi vakatarisana nekuderedza kwakanyanya muganhu uripo.
PORTRITI WEBORROWER YOKUDZIDZA
Mukubatana nedambudziko, unhu hunoona hutano hwekuvimbika hwevangangodaro vatengi vakachinja. Semitemo, mabhangi anofunga nezvezvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwechete: zera, basa, mari yepamusoro, chikwata chemhuri, nezvimwewo.
Muboka revanhu vanotengesa njodzi, kwaiva nevashandi mumakambani ayo akanga atoonekwa seainyanya kugadzikana: mari yezvivako uye kuvaka, metallurgy uye bhizinesi yekuzivisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamiriro ezvinhu evashandi vehurumende akachinja zvikuru - ivo vave vava vanenge vanoda chaizvo mabhengi. Vakatora chikwereti ichi nyore.
Pakati pevashandi vavo masangano emari vanoda kuona vanhu vane nzvimbo yakasimba. Vechidiki (pasi pemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri) vasina ruzivo rwemari kana kunyange dzidzo yepamusoro inogamuchira chikwereti pasina guarantors inenge isingaiti.
CHIEDZA PAMUSORO
Iye zvino mamiriro ekutengeserana kwechikwereti pane kunyangadza. Zvisinei, zvinopesana nechokwadi chaicho chekuti zvikwereti zvinodhura zvishoma zvinokonzera hupfumi, hazvibviri kukanganisa chero chinhu chinokosha. Achiziva izvi, hurumende yakarongedza zvirongwa zvishoma zvakagadzirirwa kutsigira mari yekubhadhara uye yemotokari yemisika. Muchiitiko chekutanga, zvisinei, basa rinokosha nderokuchengetedza vakwereta varipo. Kwavari, mureza wakagadzirirwa kubhadhara zvikwereti nekubatsira kweSangano re Housing Mortgage Lending. Hurumende yekubhadhara mari yemari yemotokari ine zvinangwa zviviri panguva imwechete: kutsigira mabhengi uye kukurudzira kufambiswa kwemabhizimisi emabhizimisi. Chinokosha chepurogiramu ndechokuti kutenga kutengesa (kusvika ku 350 000 rubles.) Motokari inogona kuitwa nekushandisa chikwereti pamutengo wakaderera. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwemusika wevanokwereta zvikwereti zvikwereti pamwe chete zvinonzi hazvibviri. Mabhangi anofanira kurasa mari yakawanda iyo yakapa zvikwereti, nevatengi-kubva kuhuwandu hwemari husingatarisirwi uye kudzokera kumuenzaniso wekuwedzeredza kuunganidza kune zvaidiwa. Uye kuti uzvipindure pachako mubvunzo wekuti "Zvakakosha here kukwereta zvino?" Hazvina kunaka.
5 MIBVUNZO YOKUDZIDZISA IDEA KUITA KUTANGA:
1. Iwe hauna purogiramu yega yega yezvikwereti.
2. Unoda kutenga chimwe chinhu chaunacho.
3. Unofanirwa kubhadhara mubhadharo kwekubhadhara kwekubhadhara pamabhadharo ekushandisa.
4. Iwe unotova nemutoro wemutoro.
5. Kutenga hakusi kukurumidza. Kana iwe uchikwanisa kutamisa chinangwa chako kwemwedzi mitanhatu iri mberi, zvichida haufaniri kuendesa kubhengi mari. Deredza nguva yemaripo inofungidzirwa kuti iwe uwane mari yekudzorera zvakare, uye iwe uchava nemukana wokurova kupera.