Zvirongwa uye Ichokwadi
Zvechokwadi, World Health Organization (WHO) yakaronga kubvisa chirwere chemapurisa kubva panyika yedu mugore ra2000. Uye zvingadai zvakaita izvi dai zvisiri izvo kune nyika yenyika yechitatu, apo hutachiona hunokuvadza huchifamba-famba, huchitapurirwa nemadonhwe emhepo, kufanana nefivha, uye zvinonyanya kukosha kuburikidza nekushambwa kwemichero-miriwo nemaoko asina tsvina. Munyika yeCentral Asia nekudengenyeka kweSoviet Union, vana vakanga vasisashongorwi, uye hutachiwana hwakakundwa zvakare hwakashandurwa kuva dambudziko guru renyika dzose. Ichi chitubu, muTajikistan chete, vanachiremba vakanyoresa 278 mhosva dze poliomyelitis, uye vane 15 vavo (kunyanya muvana vasati vava nemakore mashanu) vane chirwere chinouraya. Munharaunda iyi yeCentral Asia, chirwere chacho chakabva kunharaunda yeIndia, Pakistan uye Afghanistan. Izvo zvakajairika muAfrica. Pakave nemakore akawanda ezvirongwa zveUN zvekupora vana. Sezvo kutapukira kwemuganhu hakuiti, poliomyelitis inodzungaira. Mukuwedzera, marimu nemichero yakaomeswa inotengeswa kubva munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera inogona kutapukirwa. Pamusoro pezvigadzirwa uye mumvura, zvinopfuurira kwemwedzi 2-4, uyezve, inobvumira kuswa uye kupisa zvakanaka, asi inotya kupisa, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate solution) uye hydrogen peroxide. Mvura yekunwa kwevana inofanira kushandiswa chete yakabikwa kana bhodhoro. Miti yemichero, michero, majiro nemidheni zvinoshamba nemvura yakachena uye inosasa mvura inopisa usati wapa mwana. Usambofa uinwa nemukaka, wakatengwa kubva pamaoko: inogona kutapukirwa nehutachiona hwepolomyelitis (pamwe nematachiona ezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvemukati). Ichokwadi, kana mukaka wakabikwa, hapachazovi nengozi.
Donho rehutano
Nzira dzakanakisisa dzekudzivirira poliomyelitis inopemha. Anopiwa mhembera pamwedzi mitatu panguva imwe chete sekudzivirira kuparadza, diphtheria uye tetanus. Chokutanga, ita injiramu yeDTP (mumbongoro), uye inodonha mwana mumuromo kubva pikete yepipette kurwisa poliomyelitis. Zvingaita sokuti zviri nyore nyore: kumedzwa - uye akagadzirira! Asi nenzira iyi (inodiwa nevana) yekupa chirwere, munhu anofanira kutevera mitemo. Iwe haugoni, somuenzaniso, kudya zviputi pakarepo kana kuti pakarepo mushure mekudzivirira, nokuti anogona kudzorera mukaka pamwe nemushonga. Zvadaro ichada kupiwa zvakare! Pamusoro penyaya iyo papa akaunza mwana mwana kumushonga wokurwisa chirwere cheporiyo uye haana kutora pfungwa yekuti akadzorera chirwere ichi, saka akaramba asina kudzivirirwa kubva kune utachiona hwehutachiona, chirevo chebhuku rokupedzisira remunyori wemazuva ano Alexandra Marinina rakavakwa. Mukomana wacho, zvakangoerekana zvaitika, munguva pfupi akazouraya uye nekuda kwechikonzero chakanga chakaiswa muwiricheya, uye papa aifanira kubhadhara zvakashata kuti atarisire.
Nyaya yacho inokosha kwazvo, kunze kwechinhu chimwechete: mumakore akatsanangurwa nemunyori (kuguma kwezana remakore rapfuura), poliomyelitis, kunyanya muMoscow, yakanga isina nguva. Asi pakati pezana remakore rechi20, kuwedzera kwechiitiko ichi chetachiona munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope neNorth America zvakapa chimiro chekuparadzwa kwenyika: mune mamwe maguta mamiriro acho aiva vanhu 13-20 pagore nehuwandu hwevanhu 10 000 - iyo yakawanda! Muenzaniso weMutungamiri weAmerica Theodore Roosevelt, uyo akatonga nyika iri muwiricheya, inofananidzira. Akatambudzwa nepolomyelitis pa39, mushure mokunge akange asingachagoni kufamba. Ichokwadi, chimiro chechirwere ichi chinonyanya kufanana nevana vaduku, uye pakati pevanhu vakuru, ivo chete avo vanotambura nehutachiona hwema immunodeti zvakaoma kushivirira utachiona. Zvisinei, mushure mekusikwa kwezvirwere zvinorwisa poliomyelitis uye kuwanda kwekudzivirira vana munyika dzakabudirira, kusanganisira nharaunda yezuva ranhasi reUkraine, utachiona uhwu hwakazobviswa. Kunyange iye zvino, apo mamiriro epidemiological angave akaoma nekuda kwehutachiona hunotengeswa, kubuda kwehutachiona hahuitike, nokuti vana vedu vanochengetedzwa kubva pauri nekupora. Council. Iva nechokwadi chekuti uchengetedze kalendari yezvirwere zvemucheche, kuisa mararamiro avo mukati maro. Ndapota cherechedzai: chirwere chinopesana ne poliomyelitis mugore rekutanga chinoshandiswa katatu panguva dzemasvondo makumi mashanu. Edza kuti usapfuura nguva yakatarwa iyi! Izvo zvinodzivirirwa zvekudzivirira kamwe chete ndeye 50%, uye apo mwana wacho akagamuchira 3 mizinga - 95%. Kana iye akapinda mu5% yakasara, achaendesa hutachiwana mufomu yakacheneswa uye zvirokwazvo haazovi mutezo. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuita chokwadi chokuti revaccination yemwana wako inotevera zvakakwana purogiramu: pamwedzi 18 nemwedzi 20, uye zvakare pamakore gumi nemana.
Arive kana kufa?
Mushonga unorwisa poliomyelitis ndewemhando mbiri: inorarama attenuated virusi (OPV) uye isina kufa (IPV). Ndeupi wevaviri ari nani? Chaizvoizvo, chekutanga - inopa hutachiona hwakasimba. Zvisinei, iyo inowanzoshamisika (imwe yeruzhinji kune mamiriyoni 2-3), asi kunyange utachiona hwakadaro husina simba hunogona kukonzera chirwere chinosangana nehosha. Kudzivirira izvi kuti zvirege kuitika, mwana anofanira kuongororwa nechiremba anoenda asati apora. Chiremba achagadzirisa kana pane zvinopesana nezvirwere. Zvokupedzisira zvinosanganisira immunodeficiency uye zvirwere zvakaoma zvakaperekedzwa nefivha kana zvirwere zve systemic, uyewo zvirwere zvinosuruvarisa (kusanganisira oncohematology) uye marwadzo eurological ayo akaenderera mberi kusanangurwa kwechirwere cheporiyo. Asi muUnited States, OPV haina kushandiswa kwemakore anodarika gumi. Kubva muna 1979, 144 mamiriyoni ekuvhara ropa-inonzi poliomyelitis ave akataurwa munyika (kunyanya kune varwere vane AIDS vanopfuura makore gumi nemasere), saka vanachiremba vakasarudza kusatorazve zvimwe njodzi, uye vakashandura kuti vachengetedze vanhu ve IPV. Kunyange zvazvo iri isina simba, haikwanise kupisa poliomyelitis. Mumamiriro ezvinhu emuAmerica, danho iri rakarurama: mwana akaberekerwa muUnited States haasati aona "chirwere" chirwere 1 chirwere cheporiyo, uye vana vedu, sezviitiko zvemwedzi ichangopfuura inoratidza, zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kune iyo - zvisinei, chirwere chisina kumira chisina kumira Somuenzaniso, vana vanobatwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya (streptomycin uye neomycin) vanogona kupa vanaphylactic zvinogadzirisa zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana mukupindura IPV - kubva kune edema yega kunotyisidzira. hapana chinhu chakadai sechirwere chakachengetedzeka - semishonga inowanzoitika - asi zvakakosha kunzwisisa chinhu chimwe: kana mukaramba kubatwa, mwana anokonzera zvakawanda .10 kusvika ku20 muzana yevaya vane chirwere chinonzi poliomyelitis vanotambura nokushaya simba uye chirwere chekufa muhosha iyi inosvika 4% .Zviyero - iyo nharo yakasimba yokupora! Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chinokosha chinofanira kuongororwa: masayendisiti anoziva mitatu mitatu (vashandi vanowanzoshandisa izwi rokuti "kushungurudzika") ye poliomyelitis virus. Izvi zvinoreva kuti utachiona hunogona kutorwa uye hurwara kamwe chete, asi katatu munguva yehupenyu: mukugadzirisa kubva kune hutachiwana, hutachiona hunoumbwa chete kune rimwe dambudziko revirusi, uye chirwere chinodzivirira munhu wose kubva pauri.
Kururamisa kuongororwa
Iyo yekudzivirira nguva ye poliomyelitis (iyo nguva kubva pahutachiona nehutachiona kusvika pakuonekwa kwechiratidzo chekuchirapa chekutanga) inopera kubva mumazuva matatu kusvika kuma14. Uye kuitika kwepamusoro kunowanikwa pakupedzisira kwezhizha kana kutanga kwekutanga. Utachiona hunotanga zvakanyanya uye pakutanga hunofanana nehosha. Mufananidzo wekare wemurwere unoita seyi: mwana anomutsa kutonhora kusvika 38-39 ° C, inosvibisa, inorasikirwa nenzara, inotanga kusvetuka nekukandira, ichichema uye isina kuora, nokuti mutsipa wake unorwadza. Uye kana zviratidzo izvi zvinorwadza mumumbu uye chirwere chinosangana (icho, nenzira, chinosangana kure nguva dzose), mumukadzi anotanga kufunga, kuti pamakumbo anowanzove mumakumbo. Nenzira, ichokwadi. Vanachiremba havangotauri kuti poliomyelitis kune zvirwere zvemaoko asina tsvina. Kucherechedza unyanzvi hwehutsanana kunobatsira zvikuru kuderedza ngozi yayo. Zvinotora mazuva 4-5, uye mwana anozoonekwa zviri nani. Mumunhu weusingazivi anowana pfungwa yokuti mwana akadzoka, asi chaizvoizvo mufananidzo iwoyo unogona kunzi kugadzikana musati mhepo. Chikamu chechiedza chinopedza vhiki, uye ipapo kutonhora kunomuka zvakare, nekushaya mitezo yemasikisi akasiyana-siyana achikura, kazhinji marwadzo nemaoko, asi maziso echitarisiko, pamwe nemasanganiswa emukati uye chirwere chinogona kutambura-mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro mwana anotora kuoma kufema. Zvinotyisa zvikuru kana hutachiona hunoita hutachiona uye nzvimbo dzepasomotori: mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hupenyu hwechigamba chinosungirirwa chaiyo muchiyero. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, poliomyelitis inowanikwa pasina chirwere chepachirema - pasi pekufungidzirwa kwemainititis, uye maitiro ayo akajeka akavharidzirwa nokuda kwehutano kana kutapukira kwepamuviri: zvakaratidzwa zvakajeka zvechirwere zvinenge zvisingabviri kuziva. Iyo inonyanya kuipa kune vamwe, nokuti inobatsira pakuparadzirwa kwepachena kwemavhairusi. Kurapa mwana anenge arwara ane chirwere chinonzi chirwere chinotarisirwa muchipatara - anoda kuzorora kwevheche, kuzorora kwakakwana uye kutarisa kwemaawa-e-clock yevanyanzvi. Amai vanofanira kutarisira zvakanakisisa: hafu yezviitiko, sezvo mwana achidzoka, kuora mitezo kunoitikawo.
Mumatambudziko ekudzorera, nyanzvi dzinonyanya kukoshesa kuisa muviri uye physiotherapy, uyewo sanatorium uye kushandiswa kwekushandisa uchishandisa sande uye mathesheni emadhaka mumaguta eBerdyansk uye Yevpatoria, uye radon uye hydrogen sulfide (somuenzaniso, muSochi). Kurapa mwana kuchava nehupenyu hwose, asi kuora mwoyo, haugone kurega kuenda nemaoko ako pane chero. Chero humwe huri nani hunofanira kuonekwa sekukunda pamusoro pechirwere, kunyange chiduku zvikuru. Zvinokwanisika kuti nekufamba kwenguva - uye bhizimisi iri harisi remangwana rakadaro kure! - vanachiremba vachadzidza nzira yekugadzirisa "kuparara" kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hweporiyo muyeuron, iyo ichaponesa varwere kubva pamigumisiro yechirwere ichi.Naizvozvo, munhu anofanira kugara achitarisira zvakanakisisa uye edza kusimbisa kutenda uku mumwana. anofanira kutanga, kubva pakutanga, kubva kuna Amai!