Mukuwedzera, muguta rimwe nerimwe, mune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro kune zvinguva dzisingakanganwiki mazuva. Uye kana ukawedzera kune izvi mazororo ose echitendero, yakadzama muBuddhism kana Shinto (iyo yenyika yechitendero cheJapan), ipapo pamwedzi wegore wegore iwe uchange uine makumi gumi nemaviri anofara nguva dzokupfeka uye kuronga mutambo mukuru we matsouri muJapan. Iri ndiro zita rezororo iri muJapan rine chero chakakomba.
Matsuri kuti anyengetere
Zvinowanzoonekwa sevekuvhima muEurope - mutambo wemitambo kana kutamba, panguva iyo vatori vechimiro vanopfeka masikisi - kwenguva refu vave chinhu chiri muJapan uye mutambo mukuru we maturi muJapan wava chinhu chinokosha chemazororo ezvitendero. VaJapan vakanyatsochengeta tsika, nemitambo yemitambo yakagadzirirwa kudzinga midzimu yakaipa inozivikanwa muJapan kubva muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, apo yakaiswa muitiro wekunamatwa kweBuddhist. Zvadaro vakadanwa "gaga-ku" uye vaimiririra mutambo wevatambi mumasikisi pasi pemumhanzi unonzwa. Chikamu chemhosva chegagaku ndiyo ndima yekupedzisira yeumwe wevatambi mu "shumba" yekutakura (yaitendwa kuti shumba chete inogona kutya mweya yakaipa). Mukuwedzera kune gagaku, imwe shanduro yekuzivikanwa yaizivikanwa, iyo "bugaku", iyo vaitora vakapfeka zvipfeko zvakajeka uye vachirohwa zvikuru mumatafura matatu. Gagaku naBugaku ndivo nheyo iyo yakasimuka yeiyamu yechiJapan yemaitirwo, asi echoes yemasangano emitambo yekare yakachengetwa kusvikira nhasi uye inonyatsobudiswa panguva dzechitendero.
Chimwe chinhu chinosungirirwa cheMatsuri, chakasara kusvikira nhasi, i "mikosi" - atari dzinotorwa mumaoko pamazuva ekufambisa mhemberero. Zvinotendwa kuti mumaaritari akadaro panguva yezororo mweya wehuMwari hwetemberi inofamba, uye inoitwa kunze kwemadziro edzimba dzekunamatira pasi rose. Mikosi yakaumbwa nemabheji uye pepa, yakashongedzwa nemabhero uye tambo dzechilika. Mukuwedzera kune mikosi, mumutambo wemitambo inogona kutora "dasi" - mapuratifomu emafambiro ekuisa mifananidzo yezvitsvene kana mhuka dzenhema, mifananidzo yemagamba echiitiko cheJapan.
Vaimbi vari kufamba pamapuratifomu akafanana. Pasinei nekureruka kwemadiasi (vanogona kunge akaenzana neimba yemadziro maviri), vanomanikidzwa kana kutorwa nemaoko. Dacia naMycosi vanoshandiswa kwemazana emakore emakore - kusvika pamusana pesimba rezvinhu zvavanenge vachigadzira zvakakwana. Pakati pezororo vanonyatsoparadzanisa uye kuchengeta mutemberi. Kutakura mikosi kana kudhonza dasi inokudzwa kune chero munhu weJapan, uye vanobva vabatanidzwa mumasangano, vachipfeka mumakonos anokosha kana kunyange mune mamwe mazino.
Nhasi, hakuna munhu anotora zvakanyanyisa nhema dzakaita kuti dzimwe tsika dzisati dzava nehanya navo. Panguva yekufamba kwaMykosi, vatariri vanotaura zvakawanda pamusoro pemutengo kana zera reatari uye zvishongo pane zvinorehwa nemutambo. Asi tsika yacho pachayo inonyatsocherechedzwa. Kune vatori vechikamu izvi hachisi chikonzero chokunyara. MuJapan, hukama hwepedyo hwakasimba hwakasimba, saka vagari vanofara kushandisa mikana yekukurukurirana: vanoshongedza temberi uye dzimba dzepedyo dzine mazhenje, vanochenesa mumigwagwa, iyo inotakura atari, uye inogadzira mushamba muduku pedyo ne temberi iyo vanotengesa zvimedu zvakabikwa uye mapakeke anoitwa maererano nemamwe mapoka.
Matsuri kuti afare
Mumazuva emhemberero dzevanhu kana yepanyika, maJapan anofarawo kupora zviso uye kupfeka mu kimono kana zvimwe zvipfeko - zvakadai, samurai yekare ne geisha. Kana iwe uchitenda zvinyorwa zvekumusoro kweTokyoko, chete pano gore rakagadzirirwa zvezviuru zvemakwikwi emigwagwa, kuitira kuti chero munhu agere kugone kusarudza chikonzero chekuseka. Asi kune mazuva ayo nyika yose iri kupemberera. Chimwe chemazororo anozivikanwa - uye, zvichiitika, pedyo zvikuru nenguva uye mweya kuEurope carnivals - Setsubun. Inopembererwa munaFebruary, apo kendendende yemwedzi inoteverwa nekufananidzira kwechando munguva yechando.
Tsanangudzo tsvene yehovha iyi inosanganisira pfungwa yekufa nekumutswa kwekupedzisira, uye kuratidzwa kwehupenyu husingaperi hwe yin-yang. Zvinotendwa kuti panguva yekushanduka kwezvisikwa kubva panguva yechando kusvika gore, simba rekuipa rinonyanya kusimba, uye mhemberero dzinokosha dzinofanira kuitwa kuti dzivadzinga kure nemusha nevanodiwa. Nokudaro, kubvira kare kusvika nhasi, vashandikadzi vanokanda nyemba dzakapoteredza imba paSiteubun usiku, vachiti: "Madhiyabhorosi - kure, mukana wakanaka - mumba!" Kamwe mbesa dzaifanirwa kutora uye kudya: imwe neimwe yemhuri yakadya zvidimbu zvakawanda sezvaaizokwegura, pamwe chete nenyuchi - kuitira rombo. Nhasi mumwe wevana vanopfeka sadhiyabhorosi, uye vamwe vana vanomunyorera nyemba mairi. Mu temberi nhasi, zvakare, kuparadzira nyemba - dzakaputirwa mupepa. Asi kutanga tungamira basa raMwari.
Mushure memutambo, varume vanoverengeka vanozvishandura ivo semadhimoni uye vabuda kunze kwetembere, vachibatana neboka revanhu. Mamiko anofanirwa kuvatsvaga nekudzingira mumigwagwa nekuchema. O-Bon, zuva revakafa, rinopembererwawo munyika yose. Zvinotendwa kuti munguva yemutambo mukuru we matsouri muJapan, madzitateguru anoshanyira dzimba dzavaimbogara, nekuropafadza hama dzavo. MuBuddhist temples, mutambo unokosha unobatwa, kuurawa. Mushure mezvo vanhu vanovhenekera moto -kur-bi. Kazhinji, panzvimbo yemoto, vanovhenekera mwenje uye vanozviisa mumvura. Zororo iri rakakurumbira zvokuti pamazuva ayo ndiyo tsika yekupa vashandi vaende kuitira kuti vanokwanisa kushanyira kumakuva emadzitateguru avo. O-boon, pasinei nezita rakashata, raifara uye rinofara holide. Panguva iyo vanopfeka uye vanopa mumwe nomumwe zvipo. Uyewo mutambo wepoteredza unoitwa, umo vavakidzani vose vanotora chikamu. MuTokgi Prefecture, tsika iyi yakakura ikava mutambo wemutambo chaiwo. Pausiku hwe5 kusvika kuna 6 August August zviuru zvevanhu vakapfekedzwa mudambo we kimono pane chimwe chezvikwata zveguta reNikko.
Asi dzimwe nguva mazororo "anosungirirwa" kune imwe temberi, guta kana nzvimbo. Iyo yakawanda uye yakaisvonaka iSanin Heret-zu Matsuri, kana kuti "Mutambo weZviuru zvevanhu." Iye anozivikanwawo seTosegu Matsuri, nezita re temberi, iyo inopembererwa. MunaMay 1617, mutambo wakanaka wakaenda kutemberi ino kuzovakazve muviri we shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, gore negore chifambiso chave chichibudiswa patsva, mumashoko ose. Pamutambo, haugone kungoona tsika dzekare, asi zvakare kuona zvombo zvechokwadi, zvombo, zviridzwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, Toseg uye hovha huru yeMatsuri muJapan yava rudzi rwemutambo wevanhu: kuwedzera kune chikwata che "vana veimba yaTokugawa," vanogadzira mitambo yevanhu nemakwikwi. Zuva rokutanga rezororo rinotsaurirwa kumurangariro we shogun. Ichitenderedzwa nechikwata chine "chivanze" che shogun nevapristi, magirazi matatu esimbi anoshandiswa kubva munzvimbo tsvene yetemberi, umo mweya yemitambo mikuru mitatu - Minamoto Eritomo, To-iti Hideyoshi naTokugawa Ieyasu vakaitwa, uye vanonyatsoiswa mi-kosi. Mikosi akatamirwa kutemberi yeFutaarasan, kwaanogara kusvikira zuva raitevera. Uye zuva rinotevera rinotanga zvirokwazvo "zororo rezviuru zvevanhu": rutivi rweboka guru rinoratidzira vagari vomuJapan nguva dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva. Muchikwata chaisanganisira samurai, spearmen, chikamu chekuumbwa kwe shogun, vavhimi vane zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa nemaoko mumaoko avo (falconry ndiyo yevaraidzo yaidiwa yevakuru).
Kubva kumidzimu yakaipa rutsoka runodzivirirwa ne "shumba" (vanhu vakapfekwa masikoni neshumba refu) uye "makava" - maererano nenyengeri, mweya wehuku unochengetedza temberi yeToseg. Uyewo mune boka revanhu vane vakomana vane gumi navaviri-madiki, vachiratidza mhuka dzezodiac. Mhedzisiro yezororo ndiyo maitiro aMikosi. Zuva risina kufadza rinogona kuonekwa pakati pemwedzi waJuly muKyoto. Gion Matsuri akadzama zvakare munhoroondo. Muna 896, guta reKyoto rakabviswa nedenda, uye vagari vakaronga munyengetero pamwe chete wekuporesa. Iye zvino vanenge vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni vanouya kuKyoto gore roga roga kuti vanoyemura gomba uye hoko parade. Gomba nderumwe rudzi rwepalanquins, runotakurwa pamafudzi avo nevanhu vanoverengeka. Uye hoko - ngoro dzakakura, dzinosimudzwa nemaoko. Kureba kwavo kunosvika pasi maviri.
Pamusoro pepamusoro, vaimbi vanogara uye vachitamba mitambo yevanhu, pasi pevatori vechikamu vanotora hoko. Pamusoro pengoro huru mwana, achiratidza huMwari hwetemberi yaJasak. Nzira iyi inosvika makumi maviri nemashanu mugomba uye hoko zvinomwe. Iyo yakashongedzwa zvakanaka - kunyanya yekushongedza kushandisa nissin jira. Pakupera kwemahombekombe emapuraneti anosangana. Uye munaSeptember muKamakura unogona kutarisana nemakwikwi ekugadzira archery. Musi waSeptember 16, Yabusame inobatwa pano, mutambo wemutambo, panguva iyo vatasvi vemabhiza vakagadzika vachikanda. Zvakakosha kurova zvinangwa zvitatu uye nokudaro kubvunza vanamwari nekuda kwekukohwa kwakawanda uye rugare runyararo hupenyu. Nhoroondo yacho ndeyekuti mambo akamboita tsika iyi pakutanga muzana remakore rechitanhatu. Akakumbira vanamwari kuti vave nerunyararo muhurumende uye, pavakaronga matanho matatu, vakavarova vachizadza zvizere. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, mutambo wava mhemberero yegore negore, iyo yakateverwa ne shoguns ose.
Kubvira panguva yekuputika bhiza riri kutengesa, hazvisi nyore kutema chinangwa chemasentimita makumi mashanu kusvika makumi mashanu muhukuru. Nenzira, zvinangwa zvinoshandiswa pamakiromita akaenzana kubva kune umwe kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure nemamita 218. Zvose zvinotanga kuitika pasi pehondo yematoro. Vapfuri vanoperekedza vapfuri vemiseve, uye vose vakapfeka zvipfeko zvematare edzimhosva.
Asi kuti uwane mufananidzo wakazara wekubwinya kwenyika yeJapan, unoda kushanyira Didai Matsuri, iyo inoitwa muKyoto musi waOctober 22. Chikamu chayo chikuru ndechekufambisa mari, ivo vatori vechikamu avo vakapfekedzwa maererano nezvakaitika panguva dzakasiyana-siyana. Zita rezororo rinoshandurwa se "Mutambo weEpochs". Ndiyo ye "mudukuse" mukuru Matsuri mazororo muJapan, akatanga kutarwa muna 1895 kuti aone musi we1100 wekugadzwa kweguta guru muguta reKyoto. Kuenderera mberi kwematoro nemidziyo kubva mubindu rekumambo kuenda kutemberi yeHeian kunotungamirira kufamba kwevanhu zviuru zviviri. Inotambanudza makiromita maviri. Iko kushongedza kukuru kwegadziriro - geisha-mudzidzi uye mukadzi akapfekedzwa mumhemberero kimono. Zvinotora makiromita mashanu, panguva iyo vateereri vanokoshesa mazana emakumi ezviuru zvevataridzi.
Pane kune gumi nemaviri mazororo ezvakaitika kare anozivikanwa kwegore, uye anogadzirirwa, kutanga kune dzose, kwete yevashanyi, asi veJapan ivo pachavo. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyi ndiyo chikonzero chemufaro uye zvekuzorora, uye pane imwe - panguva yezororo guru rekushira muJapan havatenderi kukanganwa pamusoro pezvakanga zvakaita zuro zvoga, uye nhasi zvishoma nezvishoma kuva nhoroondo.