Mazuva ano kusvuta ndiyo tsika inowanzoipa. Asi kunyange kusati kwapera kuguma kwezana remakore rechi15, vanhu vakanga vasingazivi nezvefodya.Vakatanga kusvuta vaiva vaSpain vakunda veAmerica. Shamwari dzaChristopher Columbus dzakaroverwa netsika yevaIndia vemo kuti vashandure mashizha emiti isingazivikanwi mumudziyo, kuisa moto kune rumwe rutivi, kuisa utsi mumuromo uye kusunungurwa mumuromo. Sei vaIndia vakasvuta? Zvichida, neutsi hwefodya, vakadzinga kurega utsi kana kutyisa kunhuwira kwemhuka dzesango. MaIndia eCentral neSouth America akacheka mashizha efodya akaputirwa mumashizha emichindwe kana gorosi, uye maIndia eNorth America akavhara mashizha akaumbwa mumatope chaiwo. Ikoko kwaiva nemitambo yekusvuta ye "rugare tube" apo, mushure mekupesana kweropa, vekare vaipikisa kubva kumarudzi akasiyana vakagara mudenderedzwa, mutungamiri akaridza pipe uye akaipfuurira kune muvengi akagara pedyo naye muchiratidzo chekuyananisa. Akamira uye akamupa mutori kune imwe inotevera. Saka pombi yenyika yakaenda mudenderedzwa. Vamwe vafambisi vechikepe veSpain vakatanga kutevedzera maIndia uye vakazopindwa muropa nekuputa. Unogona kufungidzira kushamiswa kwevagari vePortugal, vachiona kudzoka kwevatasvi vemabhiza, vachirega utsi kubva mumhino nemuromo. Vagungwa vanobva kuAmerica akawanda miti inobatsira: mbatatisi, sunflower, asi ivo vane dambudziko guru rakabatwa muEurope. Uye fodya isina maturo inopararira zvishoma nechepamusoro kweNyika Yekare, kunyange zvazvo kubereka kwayo ibasa rinotambudza uye rinodhura. Kutanga kwembeu shoma mumagadziro okuraira kukura miche, ndokuisimudza mumunda. Iko mashizha akakura akaiswa pasi, akasungirirwa pamabote uye akamira kwemazuva mashomanana mumumisiri wekushuva. Apo mashizha anotendeuka uye anowana unhu hunhu hunofadza, ivo pakupedzisira vakaoma uye pasi.
Vanhu vakawana kushandisa kwakakodzera fodya. Mukurima, guruva refodya rinoshandiswa mukurwisa zvipembenene zvinokuvadza. Uye iyo tsvina yefodya isina kukuvadza inogona kudyiswa mombe.
Kuonekwa kwefodya muEurope kunosanganiswa nezita rehurumende yeFrance kuPortugal, Jean Niko. Maererano neimwe shanduro, ndiye ndiye akaunza mbeu yefodya kubva kuAmerica. Niko akafukidzira zita rake muzita remhepo inouraya yakabudiswa panguva yekuputa-nicotine. Nicotine ishayisa ine simba zvikuru. Pakati yemidzanga 20 ine makiragiramu anenge 50 eicotine. Kana huwandu hwakadaro huchipinda mumuviri panguva imwechete, utachiona huchava hunouraya. Mukuwedzera kune nicotine, utsi hwefodya hune mazino akasiyana-siyana, carbon monoxide uye soot inokonzera kenza yemapapu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kune zvinokuvadza kune vasiri vasvuta kuti vave muimba yakazara yeutsi. Zvinonyanya kuisa kutanga kusvuta panguva yekuyaruka. Vakasvuta vaneta vakanonoka, vanorara usiku, vanowanzova nemusoro. Kuchikoro, ivo havana kunzwisisa, vari kutambura kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kudzidza zvitsva. Muzvikoro zvekudzidzira muviri nguva dzose vanoramba vari shure: havagoni kumhanyisa muchinjikwa, vanobva vatanga kuvhunga. Uye hapana mubvunzo wekukunda makwikwi!
Migumisiro yekusvuta inobatanidza nehomwe huru yezvirwere zvinotyisa. Iyi tsika inotyisa inokonzera kurwadziwa kwemwoyo, kurohwa, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, kanzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya kenza yemapapu. Pakati pevanhu vane makore 30-40 vanoputa, myocardial infarctions inowanzoitika kanomwe kazhinji pane yevaya vasina dambudziko iri. Vakadzi vanosvuta 10 kazhinji vanowanzosangana nekushaya vana, uye varume vanowedzera kusava nesimba.
Kubvisa tsika iyi kunonetsa zvikuru, kunyange kune avo vanohuda zvakashata. Chaizvoizvo, nokuti nicotine inokonzera kusimba kwakasimba pamunhu. Asi kurega kusvuta dzimwe nguva kwakatooma nokuti ndizvo zvakare tsika yekuzvibata.
Heano mamwe mazano kune vanhu vakasarudza kurega kusvuta:
- Sarudza zuva raunomira kusvuta. Danai iyo Zuva reUtano. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti ave mukati memavhiki maviri echisarudzo.
- Kumbira hama, shamwari, shamwari kuti dzikubatsire mune izvi.
- Zvingava zvakanaka kana iwe watanga kusvuta nomumwe munhu kubva kune shamwari dzako kuti iwe ugogovana kubudirira kana kukundikana uye kuwana mazano panguva yakakodzera.
- Kumbira shamwari dzako kuti dzinyatsokuramba iwe chikumbiro chekusvuta.
- Zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza nhamba yekutsvuta fodya nemumwe chete kusvika zvitatu.
- Edza kusasuta fodya kusvika kumugumo, nokuti muchikamu chayo chekupedzisira mune zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvikuru.
- Usasiya mbesa muimba, uchidzikanda kunze pakarepo.
- Nguva imwe neimwe inowedzera mukana pakati pekusvuta. Usatora kunyadzisa zvakadzama.
- Rega kutenga fodya, uye nguva dzose uvabvunze kune mumwe munhu anopfuura. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvichanzwa kunyadziswa kweizvi, uye vanhu vachakurumidza podnadost.
- Nguva yakawanda yekushandisa mumhepo itsva.
- Iva nehanya mune dzidzo yenyama, chengetera chikamu chemitambo.
- Kana iwe uchida kusvuta, shandisa nyaya yacho. Inogona kuva yekuchikoro uye yekurovedza muviri.
- Dzorera fodya ne chewing gum, kwete candy.
- Rega kusvuta kamwe chete nevose!