Itirachea inotakura mudzimu mubhokisi, uko inoparadzaniswa mumapazi ediki maduku (bronchi) anounza mhepo kumapapu. Bifurcating, bronchi inoita urongwa hwekudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma tubules kusvika pamativi ese emapapu. Dzinoguma nemakona mashoma emagetsi, ayo mapepa emapapu ane. Iyo iri mumabhuruu akaonda-masvingo ayo gasi kugoverana kunoitika pakati pemhepo inhaled uye ropa. Iyo yepamusoro uye yepamusoro pfupa remapfupa ndiyo musoro wenyaya yacho.
Trachea
Ichechea inotanga kubva kumucheka wekricoid, uri pasi pemvura yakasviba, uye inoburukira muchipfuva. Pakaenzana re sternum, trachea inopera, ichiparadzanisa mumatavi maviri - kurudyi uye kuruboshwe bhonchi huru. Trachea inoumba yakasimba yefruelastic tissue neketani yezvindori zvisina kuvharwa zve hyaline cartilage (cartilage ye trachea). Chirwere chemunhu mukuru chinokwana (anenge masendimita maviri nemashanu muhupamhi), nepo mucheche paari madiki maduku (pamusoro pepenzura yakaenzana). Ikoko shure kwechikamu che trachea hachina husigiro hwechirwere. Inoumbwa nehuturu hwemagetsi uye mushupa. Ichi chikamu chetrachea chinotarisana necheputi iri shure kwayo. Trachea muchitsauko chemukati chikomba chakazaruka. Epithelium (mukati mukati meganda) ye trachea ine makumbo anokonzera akavhara mucus pamusana, uyewo microscopic cilia, iyo, kuburikidza nemafambiro akabatanidzwa, inobata guruva uye inovadzinga kure nemapapu kusvika kumarara. Pakati pe epithelium uye gontiratiinousous ring inoratidzira mishonga inokonzera ropa shoma uye lymph vessels, nerve uye glands zvinogadzira mvura yakasvibirira mumucheno we trachea. Muchirachea, kunewo huwandu hwehutambo hwakasununguka hunoita kuti hugadzikane. Iyo inonzi bronchus inopfuurira kubazi, ichiita chinonzi maronchial muti, kutakura mhepo kumativi ose emapapu. Kunyanya inonzi bronchus huru yakakamurwa kuva lobar bronchi, iyo mitatu mumapapu akanaka, uye maviri muboshwe mapuranga. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anopa mhepo kune imwe ye lobes yemapapu. Irobar bronchi inogoverwa kuva zviduku zvinopa mhepo kuparadzanisa nzira.
Maitiro ebronchi
Chimiro chebronchi chinofanana nechimiro chetrachea. Idzo dzakanyorova uye dzinogadziriswa, masvingo avo ane katekete, uye iyo yakasungirirwa ne epirinium yokufema. Izvowo zvine mavara akasiyana-siyana, anovimbisa kushanduka muhupamhi hwayo.
Bronchioli
Muchikamu chezvikamu zve bronchopulmonary, bronchi inoenderera mberi kusvika pabazi. Nebazi rimwe nerimwe, bronchi inowedzera, pamwe nezvose zvikamu zvemuchinjikwa zvinowedzera. Bronchi, ine rutivi rwepakati mukati me1 mm, inonzi bronchioles. Kubva pakakura mabhonchial tubes, maronchioles akasiyana mune kuti masvingo avo haaine katetila uye mashizha masero mukati memukatikati mukati. Zvisinei, pamwe chete nebronchi, vane mashuga emasumbu. Kupfuurira mberi kwebhanhire kunotungamirira pakuumbwa kwebronchioles terminal, iyo, zvakare, yakakamurwa kuva duku kudarika kupfurikidza kwebronchioles. Kuputika bhonchioles kunonzi ndizvo nokuti vanotaura zvakananga ne lumen yeimwe alveoli. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanobva kumabhanhire kubva kumakumbo e-alveolar, mabhanhire kubva kumapfupa ekuputika.
Alveoli
Alveoli zvikamu zviduku zvisingabatsiri nemadziro mashoma. Kugadziriswa kwegasi kunoitika mavari. Iko kuburikidza nemasvingo e-alveoli iyo okisijeni inobva mumhepo inoputika inopinda mumapurmonary kupararira kuburikidza nekuparadzirwa, uye chigumisiro chokupedzisira chokupemha, carbon dioxide, chinobudiswa kune kunze nemhepo yakanyanyisa. Mapapu evanhu ane mazana emamiriyoni ealveoli, ayo pamwe chete anoumba nzvimbo huru (inenge 140 m2), akakwana kugadziriswa kwegesi. Alveoli inoumba masumbu akafanana nemakwenzi emazambiringa, ari pedyo nenharaunda dzeva alveolar. Alveolus imwe neimwe ine lumen inopinza iyo inotanga kupinda muvhareji yeva alveolar. Mukuwedzera, kune mashomanana (michero) (peres) pane imwe neimwe ye alveolus, iyo inotaurirana nayo neavovheol. Masvingo avo akaremberedzwa epithelium yakazara. Iroveveti inewo maitiro maviri emasero: macrophages (kudzivirirwa masero), dzimwe nyika dzinopinda mumapapu kuburikidza nehutano hwemapfupa, uye masero anogadzira surfactant - chinhu chinokosha chezviyo.