Kwete chete kuRussia yakakura, asi nyika yose iri kupembererawo Zuva reMadzimai reMarudzi ose musi waMarch 8. Muvanhu vemazuva ano, zororo iri rinobatanidzwa nemaruva, zvipo uye vhiki yevhiki. Munguva iyi, zvisikwa zvepabonde uye zvematongerwe enyika zvinongoratidzirwa. Nhoroondo yechitarisiko chezuva revakadzi inokanganwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye yakarasika mumakumi emakore. Asi zvaisava zvakadaro nguva dzose! Izvozvo zvinokonzera kugamuchirwa kwepamutemo kwezuva racho hazvikwanisi kududzirwa nhasi. Pamusoro pezvinyorwa uye zvidzidzo zvechipiri, verenga zvakawanda. Uye mushure mokunge - muchizivisa muchidimbu vana kuvakatanga kwezororo musi waChishanu 8: nhoroondo mune zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kufarira vose vadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari uye vadzidzi vekusekondari.
March 8: nhoroondo yepamutemo yekuzvarwa kwevakadzi, chitubu nemaruva
Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko e SRSR, nhoroondo yechitarisiko musi waMarch 8 inobatanidza ne "inofamba yemakate asina chinhu", inobatwa nevashandi vepa textile muNew York City muna 1857. Vakadzi vanoshingaira vachipikisa nezvemamiriro ekushanda asingasviki, mashoma mubhadharo uye kodzero dzisina kukwana munzanga. Ichi chiitiko chakadzokororwa kakawanda. Uye muna 1910 mutongi wenyika yeGermany akataura pamusangano unoda kugadziriswa kweZuva reMadzimai eMarudzi ose. Clara Zetkin yaireva kwete kupemberera nhasi nezvipo nemaruva, asi chiitiko chikuru musi waMarch 8 kuti vakadzi vabate magungano emagetsi, kuuraya, kufamba. Nenzira iyi, vakadzi vechidiki vanoita zvepabonde vasina simba vanogona kuratidza pachena kusagutsikana kwavo nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ehupenyu uye basa. Zita rekutanga rezororo rekare rakaratidza se "Zuva Rokudyidzana Dzepasi Pose reMadzimai Mukurwisana Kwekodzero Dzadzo", uye zuva rakasarudzwa sezuva re "March wezvitsuwa zvisina chinhu". Panharaunda ye SRSR, chiitiko chacho chaitungamirirwa neshamwari yeGerman Communist - Alexandra Kolontai. Uye kubvira muna 1921 holide yakatova yemutemo uye pane zvatinotora. Iyi ndiyo nhoroondo yepamutemo yekuberekwa kwezororo revakadzi, tsime nemaruva musi waMarch 8. Asi kune dzimwe nhamba dzakawanda dzedzidziso dzine zvinyorwa zvisiri zvisiri izvo.
Dzimwe shanduro dzenhoroondo yezororo musi waChishanu 8
Imwe yezvinyorwa zvishomanana zvezororo raMarch 8 zvinoreva kurumbidzwa kwemahosi echiJudha nevaJudha. Hazvinyatsozivikanwe kana Clara Zetkin ari wechiJudha, asi chido chake chekubatanidza Zuva revakadzikadzi rose nezororo rePurim hazvirevi zviviri-chimiro chechidimbu pane zvaivepo. Kunyange zvazvo zuva rekupemberera kwechiJudha uye kupera, muna 1910 rakawira musi we8 Chivumburu. Nyaya yechitatu yekubuda musi waMarch 8, sezororo rekuchengetedzwa kwevakadzi vanoshanda, zvirokwazvo haichazove yakanyanya kunyanya kurara pabonde, yakajairika kushamwaridzana nemhemberero nezvinhu zvakajeka uye zvine mutsa. Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko muna 1857 muNew York pane zvaive zvechokwadi kupesana. Asi yakange isina kuitwa nevashandi vepurasitiki, asi nevamiriri vebasa rekare. Vakanyatsoteerera kubhadhara mitero kune vafambisi vezvikepe vakanga vasingakwanisi kubhadhara mabasa anopiwa nevakadzi. Muna 1894 zvifeve zvakadzokorora kupikisa kwavo, vachikumbira kuti vaone kodzero dzavo seyakaenzana nevanogadzirisa, vanocheka, vanochenesa, nezvimwewo. Hongu, uye Clara Zetkin iye naRosa Luxemburg vaigara vachitora madamoni aya mumigwagwa yeguta, vachirwa nemapurisa.
Iko hovha yakatanga kupi musi waMarch 8: nhepfenyuro pfupi yezvakabva
Zvingangodaro, musi waChishanu 8 ndezvechiitiko chezvematongerwo enyika cheSocial Democrats. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, vakadzi vakapikisa muEurope yose. Uye kukwevera hanya vakanga vasingadi kuita chero zviito zvepanyama. Zvakawanda zvekuita pamisangano nemakwikwi, mapepa akajeka uye zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvechishumo zvekutsvaga vanhu. Chaizvoizvo chakashandisa vatungamiri veSocial Democrats. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vakangozvitsvakira rubatsiro rwemazana akazara evanhukadzi. Stalin akawedzerawo kufarirwa kwake - akasaina chirevo chepamutemo paZuva reMadzimai reMarudzi ose. Nhau pfupi yakadaro pamusoro pekuenda kwaiitwa musi weChitatu 8 kubva kunekutanga haisi chaiyo kubva pakutanga kusvika pakuguma, asi ine nzvimbo yayo mune zvakawanda mabhuku uye yakadhindwa mabhuku ezvinyorwa.
Kushanduka kwezororo musi waChishanu 8: kubva kumagungano uye kunokwira kumaruva nezvipo
Nhoroondo haina kunyarara pamusoro pokuti nguva yakasviba-maruva tsika yaiuya kuzoshandura zviratidzo uye kupembera, asi kushanduka kwaMarch 8 kwakajeka. Maererano nevamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare, izvi zvaive chikonzero chekuziva kwehutungamiri hweSoviet hutungamiri. Vamwe vanovimba kuti International Day yakangowana mitsara yeMhemberero dzaMama, uye chero mazano ekugadzirisa maitiro akazvinyengera, kwete chete nemabhanhire, asi kunyange nemakadhi ekukwazisa. Kunyangwe pasi peBrzhnev (muna 1966), March 8 zvakasununguka zvakave zuva rakabva, saka chiitiko chinoshanda chezuva rakadaro chakadzimwa zvachose. Nokufamba kwenguva, holide yakashandurwa ikava zuva rekusagadzikana pamusoro pevakadzi. Izvi zvinoshandiswa chaizvoizvo mune zvose: mukusarudzwa kwezvipo musi waMarch 8 mumashoko ekurumbidza, nezvimwewo.
Nhoroondo yeZvondo reMadzimai reMadzimai musi waMarch 8 kune vana
Asi iwe unokwanisa sei kupa vana nyaya yakaoma musi waMarch 8, seZuva reMadzimai eMarudzi ose? Zvechokwadi, havasi vana vose vachawana nyaya dzinonakidza pamusoro pemushandi anozivikanwa anonzi Clara Zetkin nevashandi vevakadzi vane kodzero dzisina kukodzera. Asi hurukuro duku pamusoro pekuda neruremekedzo kuna amai, hanzvadzi, mbuya uye kunyange muvakidzani zvechokwadi vachafadza vana vechikoro. Mushure mezvose, pasinei nokuti maonero ezuva ranhasi kuvakadzi uye kodzero dzavo inoremekedzeka zvikuru, makore akawanda akapfuura rusununguko rwehutano hwakanaka hwakanga hwakanyanyisa. Kutaura nyaya yeZuva reMadzimai reMarudzi rose musi waMarch 8 kune vana, zvakakosha kuyeuchidza vakomana vose kuti vasikana vane simba uye vasina kudzivirirwa. Nokudaro, vanovada uye vanovadzivirira vanofanira kuva nemunhu wese anozviremekedza, achitanga ne benchi yechikoro uye kuguma nezera rakasimba. Uye kuitira kusimudza chidzitiro chevana pamusoro pezvakabva uye nekushanduka kwezuva rakasvibirira rezororo, zvinokwanisika kuratidza kunzwisisa kwechidzidzo chechidzidzo pane imwe hurukuro.
Chidzidzo chevhidhiyo munhoroondo yaMarch 8 yevana
Zuva rakanakisisa musi waMarch 8: nhoroondo yaro yakabva yakadzika zvakakwana, uye nzira yekufambira yakareba uye mhinzwa. Kubuda kweZuva reMadzimai reMadzimai kune zvakakosha kuchinja mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira muRussia. Chero zvakadaro, asi nhoroondo yekuumbwa musi waMarch 8 zvishoma kana pfupi haafaniri kuziva vakuru chete, asiwo vana.