Nhasi tinoda kukutaurira nezvemurume akakurumbira wezana remakore rechi19. Munyori wevana Charlotte Bronte anogara akabatanidzwa munyika yose mabhuku. Mukurumbira wezvokwadi wakamuvigira inova "Jane Eyer". Chikamu biographical, anotaura nezvekuoma kwemwana munyika yevanhu vakuru.
Kunaka kwemunyori wevana Charlotte Bronte chaive chiitiko chakajeka uye chinoshamisa mukugadzirwa kweChirungu kunotsvaga.
Mukunda wevapristi vane urombo uye vane masimba akawanda, Sh. Brontë akararama hupenyu hwake hwose (1816-1855) mumusha weYorkshire. Kuchikoro chevana varombo, akagamuchira dzidzo yakawanda, asi akaramba achiwedzera kuwedzera muupenyu hwake nekuverenga nekudzidza mitauro. Nzira yake yehupenyu ndiyo nzira yomunhu anoshanda nesimba, asingarambiki, hondo yekurwisana nekushungurudzika uye urombo. Mushure mekufa kweamai vake nehanzvadzi mbiri, akagara ari mukuru mumba iyo paaiva nemakore mapfumbamwe chete. Kuti awane mararamiro ake, akamanikidzwa kushanda semutungamiri kwechinguva paimba yemuridzi wekufeya uye akazvionera oga kunyadziswa kwaanoita zvakashata mumiromo ye heroines yemanhau ake.
Baba vaCharlotte muhuduku hwake vakabudisa zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvemashoko ake. Hanzvadzi Charlotte, Emily, vakanyora inoverengeka "Wuthering Heights", uye imwe hanzvadzi, Anna, kunyange mabhuku maviri, kunyange zvazvo manyowa aya akawanda kudarika mabasa aCharlotte naEmily. Hama yavo yakanga iri kugadzirira kuva muenzi. Sevana, vose vakanyora nhetembo nemanano, uye vakabudisa magazini. Muna 1846, hanzvadzi dzakabudisa mutsara wezvinyorwa zvichishandisa mari yavo. Asi, pasinei netarenda, hupenyu hwavo hwakanga hwakaremera.
Vana vacho vakanyatsochengetwa mumhuri, vasingaiti kupa nyasha kune nyama. Zvokudya zvavo ndiyo yainzi Spartan, ivo vaigara vakapfeka nguo dzisina kuchena. Baba Charlotte vaine hanya nezveramangwana revanasikana. Zvaiva zvakafanira kuvapa dzidzo kuitira kuti, kana zvichifanira, vashande sevanvernesses kana vadzidzisi. Muzhizha ra1824, hanzvadzi dzaCharlotte vanoenda kuchikoro chisingadhuri nebhodhi rakazara muCowan Bridge: Maria naErizabheti. Mavhiki mashomanana gare gare, Charlotte ane makore masere, uye Emily zvakare.
Kuramba paKodan Bridge kwakanga kwakaoma kuCharlotte. Yakanga ine nzara kwazvo uye inotonhora. Ikoko iye akatanga kutora kusuruvara kwekusabatsiri. Mune maziso ake, kushungurudzika kwakashungurudza Maria, uyo akatsamwisa mudzidzisi nekusava nepfungwa dzake, kusaziva uye kusiya.
Utsinye hwakanyanya, hutsinye hunotyisa uye kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi zvakakurumidza kukonzera kuguma kunotyisa. MunaFebruary, Maria akatumirwa kumba, muna May akafa. Uye zvakare yakanga iri zororo raErizabheti, uyo aivewo nehutano hwakanyanya.
Zvino kwaiva nehanzvadzi nhatu, asi pane imwe nzira yakazoitika kuti Emily naAnn vakaumba yavo pachavo "vaviri" vakabatana, uye Charlotte akava pedyo naWillwell. Vose pamwe chete vakatanga kushambadzira magazini yemusha yevechidiki, kukurudzirwa kubva kuBlackwood Magazine. Dambudziko rekuumbwa kwevanasikana kwaPatrick Bronte rakaramba risina kugadziriswa, asi iye zvino aive akazvidzivirira uye aida kupa Charlotte, uyo aiva mukuru mumhuri, kune imwe nzvimbo yekudzidzisa vanhu. Icho chaiva Chikoro cheRoheder of Wooler sisters. Mari yekudzidzira yakanga yakawanda, asi mwari Charlotte akauya kunoponesa, uye, nemwoyo, mwari akafira Rowhead.
Charlotte aiita seasinganzwisisiki kuvasikana. Asi izvi zvose hazvina kumbomira kuti tibate Charlotte akanyarara uye akasimba nekuremekedza kukuru, nokuti akaita sechimiro chekushanda zvakaoma uye pfungwa yebasa. Pasina nguva akazova mudzidzi wokutanga kuchikoro, asi kunyange zvakadaro akanga asingashamwaridzani.
Muna 1849, hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi yaCharlotte vanofa nehutachivha, uye anogara ari oga nebaba vakwegura uye vanorwara. Zvakanga zvisiri nyore kumusikana murombo uye akadzikama kubva kumapurovhinzi ari kure kurera nzira yake mumabhuku. Nhamba yake yokutanga, The Teacher (1846), haina kugamuchirwa nemuparidzi chero upi zvake. Asi gore gare gare bhuku re "Jane Eyre" (1847) raive chiitiko chakakosha muhupenyu hwemabhuku eEngland. Bhizinesi reBourgeois rakarwisa runyorwa nekuda kwemupanduki, asi iyi ndiyo mweya wekupandukira yakaita kuti zita romunyori rizivikanwe zvikuru uye rinodikanwa mune zvematongerwo enyika. Nenguva yekudhindwa kwe "Shirley" (1849), vose veEngland vaiziva zita re Kerrer Bell - pseudonym iyo Sh. Brontë yakabudiswa "Jane Eyre". Kerrer Bell zita remurume, uye kwenguva yakareba vaverengi vakanga vasingazivi kuti mukadzi aivanda shure kwake. Munyori aifanira kushandisa unyengeri, nokuti akanga aine chokwadi chokuti benzigeoisie yeChirungu inonyengera yaizomupomera mabasa chete nokuti yakanyorwa nemukadzi.
Bronte akanga atova neruzivo mune izvi: kunyange tisati tatanga kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa, akambotumira tsamba netsamba dzake kumudetembi Robert Southey. Akamuudza kuti mabhuku haasi basa remukadzi; mukadzi, mumaonero ake, anofanira kuwana kugutsikana mumba uye kurera vana. [2.3, 54]
Mushure mokunge Shirley, Bronte akanyora rondedzero "Vilette" (1853), iyo yaakaudza pamusoro pokugara kwake kwenguva pfupi muBrussels, kwaakadzidza nekushanda muimba yeimba yekutarisira mukutarisira kuvhura chikoro chake. Iri bhizimusi muBourgeois England rinogona kupa munyori ruzhinji rusununguko. Asi chinangwa chakanga chisingazoitike.
MuRussia, basa raSouth Bronte rinozivikanwa kubva kuma50-yei yeXIX yezana remakore. Shanduro dzese nhamba dzaro dzakabudiswa mumagazini eRussia panguva iyoyo; mabasa akawanda anokosha akazvipira kwaari.
Nyaya inonyanya kukosha uye yakakurumbira ndiyo inoverengeka naSh. Bronte "Jane Eyre". Nyaya youpenyu yaJane Eyre ndiyo chibereko chezvakananga zvenyanzvi, asi nyika yezviitiko zvayo zvemukati zvechokwadi iri pedo neSh Brontë. Nhoroondo, inobva kune munhu we heroine, inonzwisisika yakajeka muvara. Uye kunyange zvazvo Bronte pachake, kusiyana ne heroine yake, uyo ainge aziva kushungurudzwa kwenherera uye chingwa chevamwe vanhu kubva paudiki hwake, akakurira mumhuri huru, akakombererwa nehanzvadzi nehanzvadzi - zvisikwa zvemhizha, iye, saJean Eyre, akafanirwa kupona vose vaanoda .
Bronte akafa pazera remakumi matatu nemapfumbamwe, achiviga munun'una wake nehanzvadzi, uye asingazivi zvinofadza zvekuroora uye amai, izvo zvaakapa zvikuru kupa heroine nyanzvi.