Izwi rokuti "viral hepatitis" rinowanzozivikanwa sehosha, iyo causative agent iyo imwe yeiyo matanhatu inowanzonzi hepatitis A, B, C, D, E uye F. Viral hepatitis ichakubatsira kudzivisa zvinetso zvechirwere ichi.
Zviratidzo
Acute hepatitis ine chinyorwa chechirwere chakafanana, pasinei nepathogen. Varwere vane utano hwakanaka hwehutano-hwakafanana nehutano nekutsvaira, kushambidzika uye kurasikirwa kwechido, dzimwe nguva nekuderera kukuru kwehupenyu hwose. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:
• fivha;
• kuneta;
• kurwadziwa mukati mamuviri;
• chirwere.
Sezvo utachiona hunobata masero eropa, kazhinji jaundice yeganda uye ruvara ruvara rwemuti.
Viral hepatitis A
Utachiona nehutachiona hweHepatitis A hunovapo nekushandiswa kwemvura yakasvibiswa kana zvokudya. Utachiona hunowedzera apo mitemo yehuputi yekugadzira inoputsika, munzvimbo dzisina kugadziriswa kuchengetedza utsanana. Munguva yekudzivirira nguva inenge inenge mavhiki mana, utachiona hunowedzera nokukurumidza mumatumbo uye hunyadziswa nemasese. Kusuruvara kwehutachiona kunoguma nekuratidzwa kwezviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere. Saka, kazhinji panguva yekuongororwa, murwere haatomborarami. Mune vamwe vanhu, chirwere chacho hachina kumira, uye vazhinji vavo vanodzoka zvachose vasina kunyanya kurapwa, kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzokurudzirwa kuvata pamubhedha.
Viral hepatitis B
Utachiona nehutachiona hweH hepatitis B hunoitika apo hunoonekwa kune ropa rakavhiringidzika uye nedzimwe mvura dzemvura. Makumi emakumi akapfuura apfuura, maiva nematambudziko akawanda ekuparidzirwa kwehutachiona nekuwedzerwa ropa, asi zvirongwa zvemazuva ano zvekucherechedza ropa zvakabvumirwa kuderedza dambudziko rehutachiona kusvika pachidiki. Kazhinji kacho, hutachiona hunopararira pakati pemishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka vanogovana nesero. Boka iro rinotanganisawo rinosanganisira vanhu vane hupombwe hupenyu hwepabonde, uye vashandi vezvokurapa. Kazhinji zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinowonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekudzivirira kwemazuva kubva kumwedzi 1 kusvika kumwedzi. Inenge 90% yevanorwara vanodzoka. Zvisinei, mu5-10% yehepatitis inopinda muhupenyu husingaperi. Kazhinji kubuda kwemheni-fomu yakasimba ye hepatitis B inoratidzwa nekukurumidza kukura kwezviratidzo zvechipatara uye kuipa kwekuuraya.
Viral hepatitis C
Utachiona hunoitika nenzira imwecheteyo sehutachiona hwehupatachi B, asi nzira yepabonde haina kufanana. Muchikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu ematambudziko, hutachiona hunoparadzirwa kuburikidza neropa. Nguva yekudzikinura inopera kubva pamasvondo maviri kusvikira kuma 26. Kazhinji, varwere havazivi kuti vane utachiona. Kazhinji kazhinji, hutachiwana hunowanikwa kana kuongorora ropa kubva kuvanhu vane utano hwakanaka. Iyo inofamba isina kumira, chirwere chetachiona hepatitis C chinowanzopinda mumuviri usingagumi (kusvika kune 75% yezviitiko). Usatora huwandu hunopfuura 50% yevanorwara. Muchikamu chakakomba che hepatitis A, muviri unobereka immunoglobulins M (IgM), iyo inoshandurwa ne immunoglobulins G (IgG). Nokudaro, kuonekwa muropa remurwere ane IgM kunoratidza kuvapo kwekushaya hepatitis. Kana murwere aine hepatitis A munguva yakapfuura uye asina kudzivirira chirwere, IgG ichaonekwa muropa rake.
Hepatitis B antigens
Hepatitis B ine maitiro matatu e antigen-antibody anoita kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa maitiro anoshingaira echirwere ichi kubva kumagadzirirwo akadzivirirwa uye kugadzira zvirwere zvakanaka.
• Pamusoro-antigen -HBsAg - ndiyo chiratidzo chekutanga chetachiona chinonyangarika pakudzoka. Anti-HBs - zvirwere zvinoratidzika shure kwekudzikinura uye zvekupedzisira kwehupenyu hwose, zvinoratidza utachiona. Kuramba kuri kuonekwa kweHBsAg uye pasi yakadzika yeAnti-HBs kunoratidza kusingaperi kwehupatachi kana kuti anotakura chirwere. Surface antigen ndiyo nyanzvi yekuongorora chirwere chehepatitis B.
• Core antigen-HHcAg - inotarisa mumasero eropa ane utachiona. Kazhinji zvinowoneka apo chirwere chacho chinowedzera, uye ipapo huwandu hwaro hunoderera. Icho chingangodaro chiri chiratidzo choga chetachiona hutachiona.
• Shell antigen -HbeAg - inowanika chete muhupo hwepasi rinorwisa antigen uye inoratidza ngozi yakawanda yehutachiona hwevanhu vanobatana uye kuwedzera kwekuchinja kune imwe nzira isingaperi.
Vaccines
Kusvika iye zvino, mhando dzakawanda dzehutachiona hweH hepatitis C dzinoratidzika, dzinofanirana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemurwere inogara. Mukuwedzera, mumutakuri, hutachiona hunogona kuchinja munguva. Nokuvapo kwezvirwere kuhutachiwana muropa, chimiro chinoshanda chechirwere chinowanikwa. Kuchengetedza chirwere cheApatitis A uye hepatitis B zvakasikwa, nekubatsirwa kwehutachiona hunoshanda hutachiona hunosimbiswa. Inogona kushandiswa panguva imwechete kana kuparadzana. Zvisinei, antigenic yakasiyana-siyana yehutachiona hweH hepatitis C inongobvisa mukana wekugadzira chirongwa chinorwisana nayo. Kupora majekiseni (injection ye immunoglobulins) kunobatsira kuderedza dambudziko rezvirwere muhutano hwehutachiona hweH hepatitis A uye B.Kuchengetwa kwakagadzirirwa kunodzivirira kukura kwechimiro chakaoma chechirwere uye kuchinja kwahwo kune chimiro chisingaperi. Nzira chete yekurapa hepatitis C ndiyo yekuchengetedzwa kwe-interferons (remishonga yemishonga), iyo isiri nguva dzose inoshanda uye inobatsira.
Forecast
Kana hepatitis inopedza mwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu, inotaura nezvekugara kwenguva refu. Kuoma kwehutachiona kunogona kubva pane kuvhuvhuta kunenge kuine chirwere chepirhosis, umo maitiro anokonzerwa neropa anotsiviwa nemashandi asingashandisi ma fibrous tissue. Hepatitis B naC vane kamuti kamuviri muzvikamu zvitatu zvezviitiko. Kazhinji kazhinji vanokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye vanoenda pamwe nezviratidzo zvisingaiti, zvakadai sokuneta, kusava nenzara uye kuora kwehupenyu hwakanaka pasina nguva yakajeka.
Chronic hepatitis
Varwere vazhinji havazivi kuti kune hutachiona hwehupatachi husingaperi. Kazhinji chirwere chinotora kwemakore akawanda, dzimwe nguva kunyange makumi emakore. Zvisinei, inozivikanwa kuti nekudzidzira kwenguva refu chirwere chehepatitis chinowanzova chirwere chetrhosis uye hepatocellular carcinoma (kanhi yekenza yepamusoro).