Kazhinji kukura kwekuita
Kune nguva nhatu dzekukura kwevana: paucheche - hunoratidzwa nekukura kukuru, izvo zvinoenderana noutano uye hormonal balance yemuviri wemwana;
- Ubwana - kubva kune 1 gore vasati vasvika. Iyi ndiyo nguva refu kwazvo, inonyanya kusarudza kukura kwekupedzisira kweunhu;
- pubertal period - kusvetuka mukukura panguva iyi kunokonzerwa nekuita kwekukura kwehomoni, uyewo kuwedzerwa mukugadzirwa kwemakironi evanhukadzi (estrogen mumusikana uye testosterone muvakomana).
Rega kukura
Kukura kwekupedzisira kunoitwa nomunhu kunoenderana nekukura kwemafupa akareba kwenguva refu, kunyanya shin nehudyu. Pamugumo wemapfupa emakore akawanda emakumbo, kune chikwata chekukura kwechikafu, nemhaka yekuwedzera kwemasero, bone rinotenderera. Mushure mezera rekuyaruka, hombe yekare inoshandiswa nemapfupa emapfupa, uye kuwedzera kukura hakugoneki. Zvisinei, mapfupa evanhu anokwanisa kugadzirisa (kudzorera chimiro). Ndicho chikonzero ivo vanofambisa mumakumbo nekudzorerwa kwechimiro chechimiro uye simba. Muhuwandu hwemakore, pane kuwedzera kukuru mukukura, uye mumusikana inowanikwa mberi kwevakomana. Vamwe vana vakakwirira zvikuru kana kuderera kupfuura vezera ravo. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvisingashamisi izvi zvinokonzerwa nechimwe chirwere. Nzira yekukura uye kukura kwemwana inoongororwa nemitengo mikuru mikuru-kureba uye hukuru hwemuviri uye rutivi rwemusoro. Nyeredzi dzepamusoro-soro mumucheche dzinokosha pakuongorora kukura kwenyama uye kukura kweuropi. Kuti uwane chiyero chakakwana chekukura, midziyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa. Kusvikira makore emakore urefu hwemuviri wemwana hunoyera munzvimbo yepamusoro pamusana wemamita ekukura. Kana iwe uchifungidzira kusangana kwekukura kwekukura, chiyero chacho chinowanzopfuura kupfuura nguva.
Growth tables
Izvo zviyero zvekukura kwomwana (kurema kwemuviri, kuyerwa kwemuviri uye musoro wakatarisa) zvakanyorwa mune zvakakodzera mairafu ekuwedzera magome. Zvinonyatsoratidza nzira yekukura kubva pakuberekwa kusvikira kune makore gumi nesatanhatu. Chiratidzo chinokosha chekugadzirwa kwemuviri, uyewo kukura kweuropi mucheche ndiko kuwedzera kweruzhinji rwemusoro. Mifananidzo iri mumatafura ekukura anocherechedzwa neinoti "centiles". Ichitanhatu chemazana chinoreva kuti 50% yevana muhuwandu vanove nekukura kwakadaro kana kuduku; Mazana makumi manomwe nemakumi mashanu anoratidza kuti 75% yevana muhuwandu vane kukura kwakafanana kana kuderera. Zviratidzo zvekukura zvakakwana mucheche nehucheche zvinogona kusiyana zvakasiyana. Kana kukura kwevana kusingapindi mumiganhu pakati pezvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu (izvo zvinotsanangura chimiro chekugadzirwa kwakanaka kwezera rakapiwa), izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo kwemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kukanganisa zvakanyanya kana kukura zvakanyanya. Utete hahuna chinetso chezvehutano, uye kazhinji hunofungidzirwa kuti inobatsira. Kunyange zvakadaro, vana vane kukura zvakanyanya vanogona kutarisana nezvinetso zvevanhu uye zvepfungwa. Mukuwedzera, kureba kunogona kusanganiswa nechirwere. Panenge murefu mutaure, apo kukura kwomwana kunopfuura kudarika kwemazana makumi mashanu. Mune mamwe mazwi, vana vakareba vanonzi vana vanopfuura 95% vezera ravo.
Matambudziko
Kureba kazhinji kacho chinetso chiduku kumwana pane nguva shoma. Kuva akakwirira kune zvakawanda zvinoreva kuva nehupfumi hwevanhu. Zvisinei, vana vakakura vanowanzotarisa vakwegura kupfuura vezera ravo, uye vanogona kusekwa nevezera rako. Kumusikana, kukura zvakanyanya kudarika kunogona kuva dambudziko repfungwa munguva yekuyaruka.
Zvinokonzera
Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvinokonzera kureba:
- Hereditary
Urefu hunoenderana nehuwandu hwekukura uye rudzi rwevabereki.
- Hormonal
Kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari emakemikari uye mahomoni ekukura anogonawo kutungamirira kune urefu.
- Chromosomal Genetic
Chimwe chezvinowanzojairika chromosomal pathologies chinotungamirira kurefu ndeye Kleinfelter syndrome (murwere ane ma-chromosomes matatu zvepabonde panzvimbo yeviri - XXY), iyo inowanikwa paanowanzoita 1 pavana vashanu vanoberekerwa. Kureba kunogonawo kubatanidzwa nevecheperi.
Kurapa
Kureba kwaro pachako hakuwanzodi kurapwa. Zvisinei, inogona kudiwa kuti ibvise chikonzero chacho, somuenzaniso chirwere chepituitary.
Sex hormones
Mukusavapo kwechikonzero chakagadziriswa cherefu, kurapwa kunongororwa chete mumatambudziko aya apo pane kuoneka kwechimiro chekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu. Kusarudza nezvekugadzwa kwemishonga hakusi nyore - kazhinji mukukurukurirana kweiyi nyaya yaisanganisira mwana pachake, vabereki vake nevashandi vezvoutano. Nzira yakakurumbira yekurapa ndeyokugadzwa kwehomoni dzepabonde (testosterone uye estrogen). Ichi chirwere hachiwanzogadziriswa kuvasikana. Maitiro epamusoro ehomoni dzepabonde anononoka kukura kuburikidza nekukurumidza kupfigirwa kwemafurotiginginous ekukura kwenzvimbo dzemarefu emapfupa emumera. Iyi nzira yekurapa inofanidza kuitika kwechiitiko kunoitika munguva yekuyaruka, apo kukura kunopera. Pamusoro peMRI kuongorora kwehuropi, tumuru yepituiti inoratidzwa (inoratidzwa nedenderedzwa). Icho ndicho chikonzero chikonzero chokukura kwakanyanya kwemu murwere uyu. Dumbu racho rinokanganisa hutachiona hwemashoko ekuwedzera.
Gigantism
Robert Pershing Wadlow ndiye murume akareba kupfuura ose munhoroondo yenyika. Panguva yekufa pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri muna 1940, kukura kwake kwaiva kupfuura 2.72 m.Azera remakore masere akanga ane urefu hwemamita 1.88 m, uye ane makore 13 - 2.24 m.kukura kwakanyanya kwemurume uyu kwakange kuripo nehosha - inofungidzirwa kuva pituitary gigantism. Ichi chinhu chisingawanzozivikanwa, chinoratidzwa nekuvapo kwechirwere chepituitary chinowedzera kukura kwehomoni. Kuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kwekukura kwehomoni kunogona kuonekwawo mumakumbo e hypothalamus. Kuderera kwakanyanya muvana kunogona kuita zvikonzero zvakasiyana. Kunyanya mwana achisara shure mukukura kubva muhupenyu hwemazuva ose, zvinowedzera kuti pamwoyo waro pane chirwere. Kunyanyisa pasi kunofungidzirwa kuva kukura, nhamba dzacho dziri pasi pemakore matatu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 3 muzana yevana muhuwandu vane humwechete kana kuderera kuduku muboka rezera iri.
Kuyera kwekukura
Chiyero chimwe chete chekukura chakakosha kuziva checheche, zvisinei, kudzokorora zviyero zvakanyatsoratidza zvizere zvekukura kwevana. Semuenzaniso, unogona kuona kana nguva yekukura yakakwana yakatangira kupera kwayo, kana kuti nguva dzose iri pasi pemazuva ose.
Ratio yekureba uye kuyerwa
Kusiyana kwehurefu nekurema kunogona kuratidza chikonzero chekusafanana. Semuenzaniso, kana mwana asina simba ane uremu hushoma, kunyange kumusana kwakadaro, munhu anogona kunge achifungidzira kusashaiwa kwezvokudya kana chirwere chisingaperi. Vamwe vana vanogona kunge vane uwandu hwemuviri hukuru hwakakura hushoma. Izvi zvinogona kuva mugumisiro wezvirwere zvehomoni zvinotungamirira pakukurumidza kukurumidza.
• Zvakakosha kugara uchitarisa kuremera kwevana vane kukura kwekuremara. Chiyero chisina kururama chekumusoro kusvika kuremu hwemuviri kunogona kuratidza chikonzero.
• Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, nguva shomanana inogona kukonzerwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso achondroplasia - kutyora kwekukura kwemapfupa akawanda kwenguva refu. Mitezo yemwana akadaro yakapfupika kana ichienzaniswa nezvinodiwa. Kune mazana matanhatu mapoka makuru ezvikonzero:
- Hereditary
Vabereki vaduku vanowanzoda kuva nevana vaduku; ichi ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoitika.
- Kurasika kwepagurukota kwekukurumidza
Mamiriro ezvinhu umo kukura kwekukurumidza kune chimwe chinhu uye hachibatanidzi nechirwere chero chipi zvacho.
- Kusakwana kwezvokudya uye zvirwere zvisingaperi
Nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri (nekudya zvakakwana kana zvisingawanzoitiki), vana vanowanzoita kukura nekusimudza muviri. Kusakosha kwemazuva ekuberekwa uye muhuduku, pamwe nezvirwere zvisingaperi, zvakadai sezvirwere zvepfungwa, zvinogona kutungamirira.
- Kushungurudzika mupfungwa uye zvikonzero zvepfungwa. Vana vakave vachinyanyisa mumuviri kana mupfungwa kunowanzova yakaderera.
- Hormonal zvinokonzera
Kukura kunosanganiswa nekukura kwehomoni, utachiona hwehomoni uye corticosteroids. Kushaya kwavo kunotungamirira kunonoka pakukura.
- Chromosomal kusakanganisika
Kudukuka kunofambidzana ne syndromes ye Down, Turner neSirivha - Russell.
- Zvikamu zvemuviri
Pasi pemazuva ano kunonzwisiswa sekukura kusinganzwisisiki nekuputsa kwemuviri, iyo inofanirwa, semuenzaniso, nokuda kwechitondroplasia (dysplasia yekukura kweplate yepamusoro). Vana vane achondroplasia vane zvishoma nemaoko maoko mashoma nemakumbo, asi zviyero zvakaenzana zveguru uye musoro. Ivhareji yakakwirira yemunhu mukuru ane achondroplasia inenge 1.2 m.
Mune imwe mhando yenguva pfupi, zvikamu zvose zvemuviri zvakafanana zvishoma. Muchiitiko ichi, kukurumidza kukura kunogona kusanganiswa nehomoni inoshaya. Kuti kusimbise kuongororwa kwekusimudzira uye kuziva chikonzero chacho, zviyero zvehurefu nekurema zvinodiwa. Inobatsira kuongororwa tsanangudzo yepafupa yemakore maererano nehudhiropu yebrashi. Iyo inobvumirawo kugona kuve nekugona kukura kwekupedzisira kwemurwere ane nguva shoma.
Kutsunga kwemazinga emahomoni
Kusarudza kuwanda kwemahomoni kunogona kubatsira pakuziva kana chikonzero chekugadzirisa kusakwana kwehomoni. Nhamba yemamwe mahomoni ari nyore kutsanangura, mamwe - akaoma zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zve thyroxine muropa zvinogona kuyerwa zvakananga. Kutsunga kwekuwedzera hormone inonyanya kukosha, sezvo rutivi rwayo rwakasiyana zvichienderana nenguva yezuva, uye naizvozvo, rutivi rwekuongorora kunoshandiswa kunokosha kuti uone kusakwana kwayo. Nzira dzakawanda dzekuongorora dzinove dzakagadzirwa, somuenzaniso, samples nekukurudzirwa kwekukura kwemahomoni ekudzivirira. Miedzo yakadaro, kusanganisira kukurudzira ne insulini, inofanira kuitwa kunze kwekutarirwa kwachiremba, sezvo vanotakura ngozi inogona kumwana. Kazhinji kazhinji, chimiro chiduku hachidi kurapwa, sezvo muhuwandu hwezviitiko zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu hunokonzera uye husina hutano hwehutano. Therapy inorondedzerwa nezviri pachena kusakwanira kwekukura kwehomoni. Kushaikwa kwekukura kwehomoni kunogona kubhadharwa nekugadzwa kwechirwere chevanhu kukura hormone. Inoraswa zuva rega rega. Pakati pegore rokutanga remishonga, kukura kukura kunogona kusvika kusvika 10 cm, uye kune rimwe nerimwe rinotevera, 5-7.5 cm.
Growth Hormone
Pakupedzisira, kukura kwehomoni kunogona kuwanikwa chete kubva kune pituitary gland yemunhu akafa. Parizvino, nekubatsirwa kwezvigadzirwa zve biotechnology, kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi ekugadzirisa kwayo kwakagadzirwa, uye hapana chikonzero chekushandisa maviri evanhu. Iyi mishonga inobudirira kwete chete mukushayikwa kwekukura kwehomoni. Semuenzaniso, zvinoshandiswa kurapa nguva shoma nechromosomal kusagadzikana (Turner's syndrome), intrauterine kukura kwekukurumidza, uye kusagadzikana kwechirwere chekushaya simba. Kugadzirira kwekukura kwehomoni kune nhamba shomanana yemigumisiro. Zvisinei, kana zvichishandiswa, pane dambudziko duku rekudzivirira houkemia munguva yemberi. Zvisinei, zviri pachena, dambudziko iri rinobatanidzwa nekuvapo kwevana vepamuviri yapfuura.
Mamwe mahomoni
Kuchengetedza hypothyroidism, thyroxine inogona kugadziriswa kuti inyoreswe. Kubudiswa kwehomoni iyi iri nyore, uye iyo haina mari shoma. Kuti kuwedzere kukura kwehuwandu, kutanga kwekuyaruka uye kuwedzerwa muzera remapfupa, vakomana vane hurongwa hwekukura kwehutungamiri hunogona kupiwa testosterone nenzira yemagirisi emwedzi. Kurapa kwakadaro hakuiti nguva dzose kuwedzera mukukura kwekupedzisira, asi kunobvumira mwana kupinda mu pubertal nguva uye kupfuura kuburikidza nekukura kukumbwa panguva imwe chete nevezera rako.
- Kusava nekukura kwehomoni kunogona kuumbwa nekuisa mishonga yayo muchimiro chejekiti inonzi subcutaneous injections.
- Gigantism ishoma; kazhinji chinokonzerwa nechikonzero chekuwedzera kwekukura kwehomoni neyo pituitary gland, sezvakaitika kuna Robert Wadlow.