Iodine kukwana
Nhasi munyika inopfuura 1.5 biliyoni vanhu vanorarama mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushayikwa kweododhi. 655 mamiriyoni ane endemic goiter. 43 mamiriyoni - kukanganisa kwepfungwa nekuda kwekushaiwa kweiodini. Dambudziko rekushayikwa kweiodini hazvina mubvunzo kwatiri. Isu tinenge pose pose tine utera hwehuyodini mumhepo nemvura. Hazvikwani munzvimbo yekudya. Ikoko kune kupararira kwakawanda kwegorosi, iyo kwemakore akawanda yaifungidzirwa sechinhu chakavimbika chekushaiwa kweiodini. Kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi kwakaitwa munyika dzakawanda dze Commonwealth, kwakaratidza huwandu hwehuwandu hweiodine husinganzwisisiki.
Kushayikwa kweIodine kunokanganisa utano hwevanhu. Vana, vacheche, vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanokanganisa vanobatwa zvikuru. Zvirwere nekuda kwekushaiwa iodine kwete kungovhiringidza zvigadziriswa uye basa retachiona gland. Asi vanogonawo kutungamirira kune kukanganisa kwebasa rezvepabonde, kuumbwa kwe congenital anomalies yekusimudzika, kukura kwehutachiona nehutano hwemwana, kuwedzerwa kukuru mune zvingangwara uye zvidzidzo zvemarudzi ose. Mubvunzo unomuka - sei mumuviri womunhu unogona kushayikwa kweiodini kuonekwa? Chikonzero chikuru ndechekushaya kukwana kwakakwana nekuda kwezvakaderera zvayo muzvokudya nemvura. Asi pane zvimwe zvikonzero:
• kukanganisa kukanganiswa kweiodini mumutambo wepamuviri;
• kutyora kwemaitiro eododhi kufanana nehutachiona hwehutachiona, maitiro ekuberekwa kwemajeni muhutachiona hwetachiona;
• Kushayikwa mune zvakatipoteredza uye zvigadzirwa zvezvokudya zvezvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunyanya kukosha ndekushayikwa kwe selenium, zinc, bromine, mhangura, cobalt, molybdenum. Uyewo zvakanyanya zve calcium, fluorine, chromium, manganese;
• kuvapo mumamiriro ezvinhu e "zobogenic" zvinhu zvinogona kuchinja hutachiona hwetachiona.
Funga nezvazvo! Zviri mukati memuviri wemunhu munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika dzedu hazvipfuuri 15-20 mg. Zvichakadaro, zvido zvezuva nezuva zvaro zvinobva pa100 kusvika 200 μg. Zvisinei, kunyanyisa kudya kweiodine-ine zvokudya uye kutora iodine-ine mishonga zvakare haina kukosha. Iyo yakasara yeododhi inotyisa sekushayikwa kwayo. Kunyanya kudya kunosvika 1000 uye kupfuura mcg / zuva.
Migumisiro yekushayikwa kweiodini kwehutano hwevanhu
Chinonyanya kukonzera zvirwere nekuda kwekushayikwa kweododhi hazvina kukwana kudya kweyodini kubva kumamiriro ezvinhu kusvika mumuviri wevanhu nemhuka. Iodine inokosha zvikuru microelement kuvanhu. Icho chikamu chinosungirwa chemakemikari ehomoni yehomoni - thyroxine uye triiodothyronine. Kubva pane zvokudya kusvika kumunhu wepamuviri, iodine inouya nenzira yehupenyu iodide, iyo, neropa, inopinda muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uye mishonga uye inowedzera muhutano hwetachiona. Pano, kusvika ku80% yeododhi iri mumuviri inogadziriswa. Zuva nezuva, chirwere chetachiona chinovanza 90-110 μg ye thyroxine hormone uye 5-10 μg ye triiodothyronine. Aya mahomoni anobatanidzwa mune zvakawanda zvirongwa zvemagetsi zvinotsigira basa rinokosha remuviri womunhu. Vanokubvumira kuti uite zvakananga kunyorera kuderedza iodine kubva kumhepo. Asi nehutachiwana hwehutachiona hweiodine kune kukanganisa kwekugadzirisa nzira, iko kwemahomoni kunoderedza uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera mumuviri.
Chipo chakakosha pakuumbwa kwekushaya kweyodine nyika kunokonzerwa nokushaikwa kweSenienium mumuviri. Selenium ishomawo muvhu redu, uye naizvozvo mune zvekudya zvepanyama. Zvinoratidzwa kuti kana kusanganiswa kweiodine uye selenium kushaikwa kunokonzera kusaenzana kwehomoni. Iko kunotyisa kwe hypothyroidism. Mukuwedzera, kushayikwa kwetenienium kunokonzera necrotic, kushandiswa kwehutrotic muhutano hwetroroid.
Kubudirira kwe goiter kunokurudzirwa nemamwe mishonga: sulfonamides, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Uyewo michero yemhuri yakarovera: yellow turnips, mbeu yekichi, chibage, mbatya dzinotapira, mbatata nedzimwewo. Flavonoids imishonga yakasimba inowanikwa mumichero yakawanda, miriwo, zviyo: mapira, nyemba, mahwende. Phenol zvigadzirwa, zvakanyanya kushandiswa mune zvekurima sezvipembenene uye mishonga yemishonga. Zvinhu zvinotyisa zvinenge zviri mumutsi hwefodya, kushambwa kwemhepo yemashandisi emarasha.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushaya kukwana kweiodine, kubudiswa kwemakemikari makuru e thyroxin uye triiodothyronine inoderera. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchengetedzwa kwe thyrotropic hormone kunoshandiswa, basa rinofanira kukurudzira biosynthesis yehomoni dzinokosha. Kunyanya utachiona-hunokonzera hormone kunotungamirira kukura muhutano hwetroroid. Somugumisiro, goiter inoumbwa, iyo yemakore akawanda yakatarwa sechirwere chakananga chinokwana kukwana kweiodini. Sezvaunogona kuona, migumisiro yekushayikwa kweIodine yehutano hwevanhu yakasuruvara.
Nzira dzokudzivirira kushayikwa kweIodine
Zvichipa kuwanda kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nokushayikwa kweiodine uye kukanganisa kwavo kwakanyanya kuhutano, kunyanya vana, vachiri kuyaruka uye vakadzi vane pamuviri, nharaunda yenyika yakagadziriswa kubvisa kukanganiswa kweIodine kusangana panyika. Munyika dzakawanda, hurongwa hwehurumende hwekubvisa kukwana kweiodini yakagadzirwa. Nheyo yechirongwa ichi, kugovera mass prophylaxis, inobva pazvizivo zvinozivikanwa zvezvakanaka zvemunyu inonzi iodized. IInternational Committee yeChidzidzo chekushaiwa kweIodine kushungurudzika ICCIDD yakakurudzira iyi nzira yekudzivirira seyo yakanakisisa.
Kushandiswa kweyuori inonzi iodizedzwa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kwekudzivirira kukwana kweiodini. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakawanda dzomumunyu dzinobereka huwandu hwakakwana hweunyu hunoyevedza hunobuda mukutengesa. Iodizedheni munyu inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekudya zvepaguru uye munzvimbo yekugadzirwa kwemiti yakagadzirwa: chingwa, sausage, confectionery. Kushandiswa kwaro mukugadzira kwekudya kwevana kwakatanga.
Kutarisa kubudirira kwezvinhu zvinoenderera mberi, hurongwa hwehutsanana uye hwekurapa hwakagadzirwa. Simba uye epidemiological control bodies dzinogara dzichinyatsocherechedza zvinyorwa zveyodini mune munyu mune zvigadzirwa zvezvokudya mabhizinesi, pamigero, muzvitoro, munzvimbo dzepachikoro zvekuchengetwa kwevanhu, muchikoro chechikoro chechikoro uye mune zvikoro, uye mune zvekurapa uye zvidziviriro zvekuchengetedza. Iodine zvakagadziriswa muzvokudya zvevagari vemo zvinotariswawo.
Nei munyu unoodiwa?
• Munyu ndiyo chete mineral inowedzerwa kune zvokudya pasina kunyanya kushandiswa kwemakemikari;
• Munyu unoshandiswa nemativi ose evanhu pasinei nehupenyu hwevanhu uye hwehupfumi;
• Kushandiswa kwemunyu kunopfurikidza zvakasiyana-siyana (5-15 g pazuva) uye hazvirevi nenguva, nguva, zvepabonde;
• Nekodhidhi yekodhi yakagadzirwa nemunyu, hazvibviri kudarika iodine uye saka zvinokonzera matambudziko;
• Iodizedyu munyu hauna mari uye inowanikwa kuvanhu vose.
Nzira yekuchengetedza nekushandisa munyu weiodizedhi
• Iodizedheni munyu inoramba ichirapa kwemwedzi gumi nemasere. Saka, kana uchitenga munyu, iva nechokwadi chekutarisa musi wekugadzirwa kwayo.
• Iodini inoputika kubva munyu kana ikachengetwa zvisina kururama (mumatanda akazaruka, pamvura yakakwirira). Zvinoreva, pamba peji yacho nemunyu inofanira kubudiswa pakarepo mumudziyo une dheti rakasvibiswa uye kubviswa pamabhati akabikira uye kunyura. Kana munyu uyu uchiri kuvharidzirwa mumakumbo, ndeyechokwadi, inogona kuivashandisa. Asi izvi hazvizovi munyu unodiridzwa, asi zvakajairika.
• Nokupisa, uye kunyanya kuwedzerwa kwechigadzirwa, iodine kubva munyu inopisa. Nokudaro, munyu ndiro ndiro ine iodised munyu nguva isati yashumira.
• Hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa munyu wei idizedhi paunosarudza mukomkomata, kabichi, mushroom. Pickles inogona kuvirisa uye kuva nekunwa kunorwadza.
Ndezvipi zvinoguma zvebasa rinoenderera mberi rokubvisa kukwana kweIodine? Migumisiro yehutano hwekurapa inoratidza hunobudirira hwehuodhi. Tsvakurudzo inobva pane zvidzidzo kubva muna 1999 kusvika muna 2007. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo umo munyu inonzi iodizedhi inoshandiswa zvakashandiswa, kuvepo kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa neododhi kwakawedzera pavhareji kubva 47 μg / l muna 1999 kusvika 174 μg / l muna 2007. Uye izvi zvinowirirana nezvirongwa zveWorld Health Organization.
Potassium iodide
Saka zvakadini ne "zvinhu zvose zvakajeka - zvehutano, pfungwa nekukura"? Maererano nenyanzvi, magiramu matanhatu emunyu unoyevedzwa ane zvigadziro zvezuva nezuva. Saka, kushandiswa kwayo kunogadzirisa chinetso. Kunyange zvakadaro, mapoka emagetsi (vana, vechidiki, vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanokanganisa) vanoda kuwedzera maawa eodhini. Vanokurudzirwa kuti vawedzere kudya Iodine-yakagadzirwa zvokudya. Uyewowo kugadzirira kwe iodide ye potassium. Iodideji yePotassium ihwowo huwandu hwakaisvonaka hwekudzivirira kushayikwa kweiodini. Pane zvinorayirwa zveboka rezvesheni re WHO neUNICEF yekushandiswa kwe-potassium iodide nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvevanhu:
• Vana vasati vava nemakore maviri - mashoma e 90 μg / zuva; Nhamba yakakwana yeIodine inodya - 180 mcg / zuva.
• Vakadzi vane pamuviri - vanosvika 250 μg / zuva; iyo yakakwana yehuwandu yeodhiya ndiyo 500 mcg / zuva.
• Vakadzi vanoyamwisa - vanosvika 250 mcg / zuva; iyo yakakwana yehuwandu yeodhiya ndiyo 500 mcg / zuva.
Zvisinei, usavimba nekuti pashure pokutora iodide ye potassium kana kushandisa zvokudya zvakagadziriswa, vana vanokurumidza kukura uye kuva vakachenjera. Izvo zvose haisi iodine chete. Kana mwana wako ane zvinetso nekutengesa kwepfungwa, anowira shure kwevezera rake mukukura, uye mune zvidzidzo "kune zvakakosha nyeredzi kubva mudenga" - zvakakosha kubvuma: kushayikwa kweododhi pano ndiko kukanganisa kushoma. Pane zvimwe zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokosha.
Nhamba yekushayikwa kweiodini ikozvino inofungidzirwa sechepakati kana mhirizhonga. Nokudaro, kushandisa potassium iodide kugadzirira (zvakanaka kuti tibvunze chiremba kare), haufaniri kuwedzera ivo ne vitamini complexes ine iodine. Kana, panguva imwe chete, vimba pazvokudya zvakasimbiswa ne iodine. Kana zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoshandiswa zvisina kufanira, zvinogona kuonekwa sechimwe chiyero kana uchishandisa munyu weiodizedhi. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwemiti yakasikwa yakawanda muIodine (gungwa kare, hove dzegungwa, persimmon, mazai, walnuts) haisi ikozvino inonzi ndiyo nzira yakakwana yokudzivirira. Ichokwadi ndechokuti zvinyorwa zveIodine mavari zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nezvakasiyana-siyana, mamiriro ekuraira nekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvibviri kunyatsofanotaura kutenderera kweiodini mumuviri.
Takaongorora zvakanyatsonaka kukanganiswa kweIodine, migumisiro yehutano hwevanhu, zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira. Kunyanya kukosha ndezvipi mazano kune vagari vemaguta makuru nenharaunda dzine mamiriro ezvinhu asingasviki ezvinhu zvakatipoteredza. Kune vagari venyika iyo yakasvibiswa nemirairo chete inokosha kushandisa munyu wai iodized, iodide ye potassium uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa ne iodine.