Mifananidzo yevhidhiyo yevatungamiri vakakurumbira zvikuru venyika inozivikanwa uye inofarirwa nomumwe nomumwe wedu. Pane imwe nguva, mifananidzo yavo yakaputsa zvose zvinyorwa uye zvisingaiti, kuchinja kunzwisisa kwepasi rakapoteredza vanhu vazhinji. Mafirimu avo akakurumbira akabudisa manzwiro makuru, kuratidza zvikamu zvose uye mikana yehutano hwakadaro se cinema. Saka, ndivana ani, ivo vanoita vhidhiyo vemafirimu venyika inonakidza ye cinema?
Alfred Hitchcock (1899-1989).
Hitchcock mafirimu anozivikanwa zvikuru, nokuti nyika yose yakatanga kutaura pamusoro pake, Rebecca, The Window kuChivanze, Murume Akaziva Zvizhinji, Maria, The Habit, nevamwe vakawanda. Kutenda mafirimu aya Hitchcock akagamuchira zita rake rekuti "King of Terror". Chokutanga pane izvi, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chikamu chikuru chemafirimu akafuridzirwa nemutungamiriri iwo anofadza. Iko "hurukuro" yeHitchcock ndeyokuti mune imwe yega mafirimu ake zvinhu zvose zvinoitika munyaya yenyaya inopfuura nemunhu mukuru. Kuvonga neizvi, muoni anogona kuona mufananidzo wose wezvinoitika nemaziso evanhu vakuru. Nzvimbo huru mufirimu iyi, mutungamiriri akapa sarudzo, izvo zvakapetwa kaviri kusingakanganwiki kwemufirimu pachako. Pamusoro pemutungamiri nhoroondo yemavara makumi matanhatu, uye mafirimu ake anonzi "Psycho" uye "Birds" anozivikanwa semuenzaniso wezvinhu zvinotyisa. Chimwe chigamuchirwa chemutungamiriri wacho chaiva chekuuya kweka-wake-episodic mumafirimu ake. Muna 1967, Hitchcock yakagamuchira Oscar uye Mutambo weChirangaridzo unonzi Irwin Thalberg. Nemhaka yekubatsira kwake kukuru kumhizha yefirimu, mutungamiriri akaonekwa semhemberero inorarama ye cinema yenyika.
Federico Fellini (1920-1993).
Fellini mumwe wevanyori vanozivikanwa zvikuru veItaly munyika. Mhando huru iyo yaakaita mafirimu, vanotsoropodza vanonzi neo-realism. Akatanga kumhanyira kune zvakakwirira zvekurumbira wenyika nemumwe munyori wezvinyorwa, achishanda nemumwe murume anonyanya kuzivikanwa mumakambani emafara Roberto Rossellini. Mazana awo mafirimu aiva mafirimu akadai se "Roma - guta rakashama" uye "Countryman". Mafirimu akaitwa naFellini pachake akataura zvaaifunga uye zvaanoda, achifamba pamusoro pechirume chekushata kwekuva. Asi, pasinei nezvose izvi, mafirimu ake ari nyore uye anonzwisisika kune wese. Imwe nyanzvi yefirimu yeFederico Fellini, ine musoro unoti "Upenyu Hwakanaka" hwakapiwa chimiro chekuratidzira kwekufananidzira kwezera rose.
Steven Spielberg (1946).
Spielberg aiva mumwe wevashandi vekutanga mafirimu kuti vataure pfungwa yakadaro mu world cinema se blockbuster uye vakaratidza kukosha kwayo mufirimu "Jaws". Kusvika iye zvino, Spielberg anozivikanwa seimwe yevakagadzira mafirimu vanobudirira, uye firimu yake inopinda ndiyo yebhokisi rehofisi munyika yose. Mafirimu ake "Schindler's List", "Indiana Jones" uye "Jurassic Park" yakarumbidzwa kanopfuura kamwe, semifananidzo yakabudirira zvikuru. Nenzira, muna 1999 Spielberg akapiwa zita rokuti "Best Director of the 20th Century". Zvadaro, nokuda kwechipo chikuru mukusimudzirwa kweBritish cinema muna 2001, Queen weBritain pachayo, Elizabeth, akazvitsaurira mutungamiri kune mapoka anoremekedzwa emagetsi.
Martin Scorsese (1942).
Mumwe wevamiririri, avo vanonzi Hollywood yekuzvarwa patsva, vakaonekwa mumakore makumi manomwe. Zvikwereti ndezvevatungamiri avo vakasika cinema ino yemazuva nenzira yatakagara tichiona nayo iko zvino. Mumafirimu ake, pfungwa dzakadai sekuita zvepabonde uye utsinye dzakagamuchira nzira itsva yekutaura pahwindo. Mafirimu eScorsese, sekutonga, kuratidzira dhiyabhorosi uye kuoma kose kwekuva munhu mukuru. Uye nokuda kwekukwanisa kukuru, hwaro hwemafirimu ose aMartin zviitiko zvechokwadi uye chokwadi kubva muupenyu.
John Ford (1884-1973).
John Ford ndomumwe wevashambadzi vemafirimu vashoma vane zvikomborero zvina zveMascar. Mutungamiriri akafananidza mafirimu ose akanyarara uye akanaka. Mukuwedzera pakurongedza mabasa, Ford yaiva munyori akabudirira. Mafirimu anozivikanwa zvikuru emutungamiriri ari mafirimu "Stagecoach", "Searchers" uye "Westerns". Mukuwedzera, Ford aifarira kuita zvinyorwa uye mafirimu manyozha evanyori vakakurumbira panguva iyoyo. Muhupenyu hwake hwose, John Ford akarova mafirimu 130 akadzokorora nyika ye cinema.
Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999).
Mabasa aKubrick akanga akatungamirirwa nemapurogiramu eefesi. Mafirimu ose emutungamiri ane zvinyengeri, zvepfungwa uye zvemashoko, nekuda kwekuti zvinonzwisisika zviri nyore nemuoni. Iyo huru "skate" yemutungamiriri yaiva kushandiswa kwezvifananidzo. Firimu Kubrick yakagadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvemafirimu.
John Cassavetes (1929-1989).
Chii chinonzi vanogadzira mafirimu vanozivikanwa pasi pose pasina muvambi we cinema yakazvimirira yeAmerican John Cassavetes. Asati ava mutevedzeri, Cassavetes aiva mutambi. Mari yake yose kubva kumabasa John akapedza paanotanga firimu yefirimu, inonzi "Shadows." Nheyo yepamusoro yemafirimu eCassavetes haafaniri kupindira mubasa redu uye kwete kuvadzidzisa.
Ingmar Bergman (1918-2007).
Bergman akarangarirwa nemutarisiri sevanyori vezvizhinji zvezvifananidzo zvebibiografia. Mumafirimu ake, protagonist aiva munhuwo zvake ane dambudziko rakaoma, iro rakapfuura nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwemamiriro ezvinhu. Nenzira, mutungamiriri haana kuda kushandisa zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, panzvimbo yavo aisarudza kutamba kwechiedza pane yakagadzirwa, iyo yaitarisa chaizvo inonakidza mufirimu iyo pachayo.
Francis Ford Coppola (1939).
Basa romutungamiri wekutanga Coppola raiva firimu "Madness 13", iyo yakasimbiswa muna 1963. Asi mutungamiri akakwanisa kusvika kune nyeredzi runyorwa "Anozivikanwa nenyika ino" mushure mekufananidzirwa kwefirimu yeruzivo rwaMario Puzo The Godfather (1972). Iyi firimu yakaunganidza nyeredzi dzakadaro dzenyika ye cinema, saAl Pacino naMarlon Brando.
James Cameron (1954).
Uye anopedzisa runyorwa rwedu rwe "Vaenzi vemafirimu vanozivikanwa vepasi", hongu, James Camiron, watinoyeuka naye neye oskoronosnomu "Titanic" uye zvisingazivikanwi "Terminator." Zvose zveKameron's directorial work ndeyekubudirira kukuru. Maererano nemutungamiriri iyeye, mafirimu ake ane mafomu matsva uye emazuva ano, kune vamwe vatungamiri vanofanira kuenzana.