Iyi hutachiona haisati yakanyatsoongororwa zvizere, iyo inopa mikana yakawanda yekutsvaga tsvakurudzo, kuzivisa uye tsanangudzo yekushungurudzwa kwekururamisa.
Icho chirevo che "alalia" chave chichidzokorora uye chichinjwa. Iyo nharo pakati pevasayendisiti ichiri kuenderera mberi, panyaya dzezwi, mazwi ekugadzirisa, pamwe nekugadzirisa, pasi pe alalia. Nhasi, vazhinji vari pasi peAlalia vanonzwisisa kusavapo kana kusagadzikana kwekutaura, zvichikonzerwa nekuparara kwehupenyu kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutaura dze cerebral cortex. Kazhinji chirwere chakadaro chinowedzera kunyange munguva yekutangira kana yekutanga kwekukura kwomwana.
Chii Alalia?
Alalia inoshandiswa pakugadziriswa kwekutaura, iyo inofungidzirwa-foni inoratidzirwa, uyewo lexico-grammatical system.
Kazhinji, apo chirwere chakadaro chinoitika, shanduro yekutaura yakagadzirirwa, sekutonga, ichaitika mumamiriro ezvinhu ehutano hwehutachiona hwehutano. Maererano nekuratidzwa kwaro uye kuoma kwemashoko ekusimbiswa kwemashoko, alalia pane zvisinganzwisisiki.
Kazhinji, maererano nemitemo yekusiyanisa kwechimiro, chirwere chinogoverwa mumakirasi akawanda. Chinyanya kukosha ndechokuti topological classification ya alalia. Ichi chikamu chakavakirwa pamitemo yekufunga nezvekuwana nzvimbo yeuropi yegoni.
Kusiyanisa makirasi akadaro eawalia:
Motokari alalia - (Pakati peBruca) inoratidzirwa nekuvhiringidzika mukati memutsetse wepakati wekutaura mota analyzer;
Sensory alalia - inofambidzana nechiremera chepakati chepamusoro chekudzokorora analyzer, uye inoratidza zvakare sechiremera chemashure matatu ekumusoro kwemasimba echekare gyrus;
Sensomotor alalia - kazhinji inobatanidza zviratidzo zveaviri inotaurwa pamusoro apa alalia.
Kururamisa.
Allaia, kufanana nechirwere chipi nechipi, inorapwa nekudzivirira. Kurapa kwaAlalia ndiko kugadziriswa kwekukanganisa kunobatsira nekubatsirwa kwemaitiro akaoma pachikonzero chacho.
Kugadzirisa kwakaoma pasi peAlalia kunoshandiswa pakuumbwa kwemabasa ose ekutaura, uye inotora nguva yakareba uye inopedza nguva. Somugumisiro wekururamisa, munhu anogona kuona zvakagadziriswa pamitauro yekugadzirisa, kuvandudzwa kwebasa rekuziva, kukura kweunyanzvi, kukura kwemazivo emotokari, kuumbwa kwepamusoro masvomhu ekumiririra, kuumbwa kwepfungwa-yezvakaitika, uye zvakadaro. Basa rokugadzirisa rinonyanya kugadzirisa kukurira motor alalia, kugadzira nzira dzekutaura. Basa riri kuitwa mumutauro uye hune huno sehuwandu, maitiro ekusimudzirwa kwekutaura kwemitemo uye mitemo yegadziriro yehurongwa hwemutauro inotorwa. Nokudaro, patinenge tichiita zviito zvose zvinodiwa: chinangwa chinoumbwa; kukanganiswa kwayo kwemaxical kunoitwa; pane kusarudzwa kweexical uye girmatical zvinoreva; grammatical structuring inozadzika; purogiramu dzomukati dzekutaura; chinangwa chokukurukurirana chinoumbwa;
Kubudirira kwekutaura kunowedzera, kutanga nekwanisi yekushandisa zivo, kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, nekugadzirisa masimba. Nhungamiro inokosha uye inobudirira ndeyekuvandudzwa kwezviito zvisingatauriki pamwe chete nekutaura. Kazhinji mutambo uyu unoshandiswa kune zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere.
Nzira yekukurukura sei nemwana?
Kuoma kwekutaura, kunobatsira kukura kwakanyanya kwemucheche, nekuda kwekusabvira kwekukurukurirana nguva dzose, uye zvese zvinongororwa zvakananga nekutaura. Zvadaro vabereki vane mubvunzo, marongerwo ekukurukurirana nevana vasina kutaura mumhuri? Mutemo mukuru kuvabereki ndeyekugadzirisa nguva, uyewo kugara uchikurukura nemwana. Nokuda kweizvi, chinhu chimwe chinofanira kuverengwa. Upenyu hwevanhu huri pasi peimwe rhythm, sezvinopupurirwa nechirwere chekushaya mwoyo, kukanganiswa kwemaitiro emhepo, kuchinja kwemwaka, zvikamu zvezuva, zvichingodaro. Saka, paunenge uchitaura nemwana asingatauri, shandisa chimiro ichi. Paunenge uchitaura, tambira kune imwe yakagadzikana rhythmic pattern. Nzira yakanakisisa yekukurukurirana ichava nziyo uye nhetembo. Uyezve, nhetembo dzevana uye nziyo zvinogona kusarudzwa chero nguva. Imwe mazano ekuda kushandiswa kwemashoko ekukurukurirana ndeyekuti sezvo vana vane pfungwa yakakwana yevhesi, uye naizvozvo nzira yekukurukurirana ichave yakakosha. Uyewo, pakutaurirana, shandisa kushandiswa kwekutaura uye kufamba kwezvimwe zvipindi. Zvakakosha kushandisa shanje uye majofu epafudzi. Uyewo, panguva yekukurukurirana, unofanira kushandisa nzira dzakagadzirwa nenzira yemagariro emitambo. Kuziva zvishuwo nezvido zvemwana, shandisawo zviratidzo, nguva dzose uchitaura mazwi, mazita, zviito zvako. Rondedzera zvose, zvakajeka kusimbisa syllable imwe neimwe. Semuenzaniso, paunopa chikafu, tauya nemhanzi mutsva, kana kuti "ku-sha-ti" zvakajeka, uchishandisa chiito chakakodzera chakakonzerwa nenyanzvi, kana kuti yakagadzirwa newe, uchifunga nezvehutano hwemwana.
Usamanikidza mwana kuti adzokorore, kana kutsoropodza, kana chimwe chinhu chichienda. Ive wakadzikama uye ushivirira, usakanganwa kurumbidza mwana wako kubudirira. Yeuka kuti pamwe chete pamwe chete nekurapa, shanda nevadzidzisi uye basa rako rakananga nemwana waunogona kuwana chibereko chaunoda. Usadzorera mwana wacho nekukurukurirana, rega agare, paanoda chimwe chinhu, regai aedze kutaura nezvazvo. Kunyange kana mwana wacho asina maturo, tanga wakanyarara, edza kufungidzira chido chake uye kumubvunza kuti aratidze, kana kuti (inzwi) zvaanoda. Nokudaro, nekuronga kukurukurirana nemwana asingatauri, iwe uchagadzira chido-chikumbiro-chikwata chekusangana mumwana.