Imwe nzira yekuderedza nhamba yekubvisa pamuviri - kune zvakapararira kushandiswa kwekudzivirira pamuviri.
Kusarudzwa kwemuitiro wekudzivirira pamuviri kunoitwa nekufungisisa zvinhu zvakawanda - zvisingaiti zvekudzivirira zvinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza hutano hwevakadzi uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda zvechirwere, kuvimbika kwemaitiro, kuchengetedzwa kwaro, nemafungiro evanhukadzi kumutachiona. Kubudirira kwemhando ipi zvayo yekudzivirira inoratidzwa nePerl index, iyo yakatarwa nenhamba yekutakura mumadzimai zana avo vakashandisa nzira iyi kwegore.
Pakati pekudzivirira nzira dzekudzivirira dzinosiyanisa:
- hormonal
- intrauterine zvishandiso
- chibvumirano
- kurapwa
- Postcoital.
Hormonal nzira yekudzivirira pamuviri.
Kuita izvi, nzira dzakadaro dzinoshandiswa:
- kusanganiswa (estrogen-gestagenic) chirongwa chekudzivirira pamuviri;
- gestagenic oral contraceptive (mili-drank);
- Zvirwere zvekudzivirira kwenguva refu;
- Kushandisa kubata pamuviri.
Kune zvikamu zvisina kubatana izvo zvine progestin imwe chete uye inobatanidza kubata pamuviri.
Kusanganiswa kwemakwenzi ekudzivirira vana (COCs) inobatsira zvikuru iyo inosanganisira isrogenic uye progestational chikamu.
COC inhibit kubudiswa kwehomoni inobatsira pakuvhunga. Kuchinja mune endometrium, paunotora COC, usabvumira jira rinogadzirwa kuti riiswe. Uyewo COC kubatsira kuderedza ropa rakarasika panguva yekuenda kumwedzi, kuderedza nguva yekuenda kumwedzi, kurwadziwa, kuderedza dambudziko rekuwedzera zvirwere zvinoputira.
Kukanganisika kunosanganisira mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoitika kana achitora COCs. Pakutanga, izvi hazvina kunyanya kushungurudza, kuora musoro, kutambudzika, kuwedzera mafungiro.
Kubatsirwa kwemuitiro ndeku : kukwirira kwakanyanya, kushandiswa kwekushandiswa, kudzoka, kubatsira kwakanaka pakurera vana uye kazhinji pamusoro pemuviri wekadzi (ganda, bvudzi) rinovandudza. Vakadzi vanogara kwenguva refu uye kwenguva yakareba (makore maviri) vanotora COC kunonyanya kuderedza kuwanda kwezvirwere zvepachivande zvekuberekwa, kukura kwemaitiro uye postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Kupindirana kwekushandiswa kweCOC ndiko kuzvitakura, zvirwere zvevascular panguva iyo kana mu anamnesis (hypertension, thrombophlebitis, IHS, strokes). Iwe haugoni kutora vakadzi mushure mezera remakore makumi matatu nemaviri, nechirwere chechiropa chinopesana nekuputsa kwebasa rayo, maronda anokonzerwa nehomoni, kuvapo kwekubuda ropa kwehutano husingazivikanwi, hutano hwakanyanya.
Gestagenic yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri .
Dzinosanganisira chete progestins. Zviratidzo zvekudzivirira gestagenic zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kuvakadzi vakwegura. Inowanzomirirwa kuti ive inorwadza uye inokurumidza kuenda kumwedzi, mastalgia, premenstrual syndrome. Imwe yezvinonyanya kukosha ndeyekuti gestagenic zvinodhaka zvinogona kutorwa panguva yekurota.
Zvirwere zvekudzivirira kwenguva refu.
Iko kunosanganiswa nesrogen-gestagenic inorable contraceptive uye imwe-chikamu chimwe, iyo inosanganisira progestogens yekuita kwenguva refu. Muchikwata chino chemishonga, inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye-depot-provera.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanoshandisa gestagenic implantation zvinodhaka . izvi zvakagadzirirwa nenzira yekodhesi yakaiswa pasi peganda. Izvi zvinopa chibereko chekudzivirira kwemimba kwemakore mashanu.
Intrauterine device contraception (IUD).
Uterine "miviri" inoshandiswa pakuberekwa kwepracutine. Vanoderedza kugoneka kwepermatozoa, kusimbisa spermicidal michero ye endometrium, kuderedza kuitika kweii, kukurudzira antiperistalsis ye fallopian tubes.
Kana kufungidzira kwave kuchiitika, kutanga kwepamuviri kunokanganisirwa ne: kuchinja kwehutachiona hwemashubhu uye chibvumirano chechibvumirano chechibereko, shanduko mumagadzirirwo emagetsi mu endometrium.
Hormonal intrauterine contraceptive (Mirena), kuwedzera, kuvhara hormone uye kunokonzera kutapurika kwemakemikari emuviri.
Contraindications kune IUD: haigoni kushandiswa pakuzvitakura, kenza yemukamu kana chibereko chechirwere, uterine kubuda ropa, zvirwere zvegadziriro yebonde. Kana pakanga paine ectopic pamuviri mune anemnesis, ipapo kushandiswa kweIUDs kunongobvira chete kana zvimwe zvekudzivirira zvinopesana.
Nzira dzinoshandiswa pakudzivirira kubata pamuviri.
Izvi zvinosanganisira: kondomu dzevarume, mazamu emakumbo, mazamu emakondomu uye spermicides.
Nzira dzekudzivirira kubata pamuviri dzinoita zvipingamupinyi zvinogadziriswa pakupinda kwehuta kumudzimai (kondomu), uye chibereko chekemikari (caps, diaphragms), chisingaiti chirume (spermicide). Spermicides iripo nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana - makemikari, jellies, mahwendefa anopupuma, sponges.
Chimwe chinhu chakanaka chemimwe nzira inopesana yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri ndeyokuti vane nzvimbo kune imwe nzvimbo kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere zvepabonde. Makondomu anogadzirwa ne latex uye anoshanda zvakanyanya pakurwisa utachiona hweHIV uye hepatitis B uye C viruses.
Kuvhara kwepabonde kunobatsira kunowanzoshandiswa munyika dzakawanda dzenyika. Kubudirira kworudzi urwu rwekudzivirira kubata pamuviri kunosvika 100%, kunyange zvazvo matambudziko ekudzivirira uye mushure mekuita mararamiro anotsanangurwa. Chikadzi chekuita sterilization inoitwa kuburikidza nekupfekenza mawere ane mutsara mukuvhiya kweparoscopic, uye murume mumwe nekupfeka vas deferens. Kuvhiringidza kweyi nzira ndeyekusagadzikana.
Postcoital mimba inoshandiswa apo chiito chepabonde, chisina kudzivirirwa nedzimwe nzira, chakatoitika. Shandisa COC - 2-4 mahwendefa, kwete mushure meawa makumi mana nemaviri mushure mekuita zvepabonde kaviri mumaawa gumi nemaviri.
Dinazol, postinor inopedzwa mumaawa 72 okutanga kaviri mumaawa gumi nemaviri.
Kunewo nzira yekushanda yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri . Inobva pakuzvidzora kubva kune zvepabonde mazuva matatu zvisati zvaitika uye mazuva 3-4 mushure mekuvhara. Kuona zuva rekuvhara ropa rinoshandisa kuongorora kwekushisa kwepasal uye tafura. Purogiramu dzakakosha dzinogona kubudiswa paInternet uye inongotanga kushandura kwemasikati ekutanga zuva rega rega. Purogiramu pachayo inosarudza zuva rekuvhara.