Chii chinonzi cholesterol?
Biologically, cholesterol ndomumwe wevanyori vakakosha ve sterols - zvinhu zvinokonzerwa neboka re steroid yezvinhu zvakasikwa zvezvinhu zvakasikwa. Sezvazvakataurwa kare, zvinotora chikamu chakanaka mumetabolism.
Zvisinei, cholesterol inewo nhamba dzisina kunaka. Saka iyo yakakwirira inogona kutungamirira kukura kwe atherosclerosis. Nhamba yakakwirira yezviri mukati meropa inogona kuonekwa mune chirwere cheshuga mellitus, gout, kuwedzera kwehutano, hypothyroidism, kuora muviri, kushungurudzika kwakanyanya kwepfungwa yepamusoro, zvirwere zveropa uye zvimwe zvirwere. Ikoko kunogonawo kuva nekuderera kwehushutoriol, somuenzaniso, nehutachiona hunotevera: zvirwere zvakanyanya uye zvisingaperi, zvirwere zvakanyanya kukundikana neropa risingaperi muropa, zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira, hyperthyroidism.
Cholesterol haiparadzi mumvura, asi inogona kuparara mune zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sewaini, esters, acetone, zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi, uyewo mumiti nemafuta. Icho chinonyanya kukosha kwehupenyu hweku cholesterol mukukwanisa kwayo kugadzira esters kana ichiita namafuta acid. Nekudaro, kutaridzika kwemavara ane mavara akawanda kunowanikwa-iyi pfuma uye inoshandiswa pakuwana kuongororwa kweropa kwecholesterol.
Cholesterol inoshanda
Cholesterol ine hutano hwemhando dzepanyama - inoumba bile acid muviri womunhu, zvepabonde uye corticosteroid hormone, vitamin D3.
Inowanikwa mune rimwe sero remuviri womunhu, rinotsigira fomu yavo. Kuva mukurongeka kwemasero memakumbo, inoita kuti kusarudzwa kwavo kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvose zvinopinda muchitokisi vobva vabuda. Anobatanidzwawo mukugadzirisa kwebasa reyero enzymes.
Nzira yekuparara nekubviswa kwehupfu hunobva mumuviri inotorawo pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwecholesterol. Kutendeukira kune bile acids, iyo chikamu cheB bile uye inotora chikamu chekugadzira zvokudya. Zvirwere zvechiropa zvinokonzera kukanganiswa kwekuumbwa uye kusunungurwa kweklesterol, iyo inotungamirira mukuchengetwa kwayo muropa uye kuisa mukana we atherosclerotic plaques mumidziyo yeropa.
Pakati pezuva rinenge 500 mg yeklesterol mumumuviri wemunhu yakasvibiswa kuva bile acids, inenge yakaenzana yakaenzana yakasunungurwa nemasese, ane mafuta eganda - anenge 100 mg.
"Inobatsira" uye "inokuvadza" cholesterol
Cholesterol chikamu cheprotein-fatty complexes (lipoprotein) plasma yevanhu nemhuka yeropa. Kutenda kune zvikanda izvi zvinoshandiswa kumatumbu uye nhengo. Izvozvo zvinonzi lipoprotein zvinokwana zvishoma (LDL) mumutumbi mukuru zvinokwana 70 muzana yehushutoriol, inenge 9-10% yaro inhengo yepamusoro zvikuru ye lipoproteins (VLDL), uye anenge 20-24% yeholesterol ine high density lipoproteins (HDL) . Ndiyo LDL inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwe atherosclerotic plaques inokonzera atherosclerosis. Icho chiri mukuumbwa kweLDL uye "inokuvadza" cholesterol.
Asi HDL ine anti-atherosclerotic effect. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti ndiko kuvepo kwake muropa remamwe mhuka dzinoita kuti dzisava nyore kutarisa kushaya atherosclerosis. Nokudaro, HDL ine "inobatsira" cholesterol, iyo inotamirwa kwavari nokuda kwe catabolism muropa.
Pamberi pacho, vaitenda kuti cholesterol yose ndiyo iyo inokonzera atherosclerosis, saka vanachiremba vakakurudzira kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvokudya nehuwandu hwayo. Mazuva ano zvave zvatozivikanwa kuti chikonzero chekugadzirwa kweAristrosclerosis ndiyo chaiyo yemafuta emhuka anobva kuLDL, uye iyo yakazara mune mafuta akazara acid. Atherosclerosis inokonzerawo ma carbohydrates, ayo anonyorerwa nyore nyore nemuviri, ayo akawanda kwazvo mumasipi, mabhanga. Asi kuvapo kwemafuta yemiriwo muhupenyu hwevanhu, izvo zvinobva kune HDL, kureva kuti, "inobatsira" cholesterol, inokosha zvikuru, nokuti ndiko kudzivirira kwe atherosclerosis.
Chimiro chezvakanyorwa zveku cholesterol muropa
Kana iri chero chinhu chipi zvacho chiri muropa, cholesterol ine maitiro ayo ezvakagadzirwa, asi kuvarume madhikisi ari akakwirira. Saka cholesterol yakazara inofanira kunge iri pamwero we 3.0-6.0 mmol / L, iyo inowirirana ye "bad" cholesterol (LDL) inosvika 1.92-4.82 mmol / l uye "inobatsira" (HDL) - 0.7- 2.28 mmol / l.