Simulators nevanotanga
Zvinotendwa, uye kutsvakurudza kwepfungwa kunopupurira kuti huwandu hwevanhu (95%) ndevatevedzeri kana varanda uye chete 5% ndivo vatangiri vanotungamirira. Kana tichiyeuka kuti kune vazhinji vedu, asi mukuru wehutori ndiye - chiyero chakadaro hachizosimudziri kusava nechokwadi. Kugoverwa kwemabasa ekutungamira uye muranda - hazvisi zvakaipa kana zvakanaka, asi maitiro maviri chete ekufunga uye maitiro, nekuda kwekuvapo kwevanhu kwezvinhu zvikuru uye unhu hwemutungamiri. Kufambira mberi kune rumwe rudzi rwekutanga kana rwechipiri rwakarongwa kubva paudiki. Kuve kutungamirira zvinoreva kuva munhu anoshanda, mutungamiri. Chinokosha chekutungamira chinoreva kuderedzwa kwekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza njodzi yakawanda, kuchinjwa nekukurumidza, uye huwandu hwemutoro. Kuva muranda kunoreva kuva nechinzvimbo chekusimudzira, kuvimba uye kubvumirana, kupa kodzero yezvisarudzo kana kusarudzwa kune imwe. Vanhu vakarembera havagoni kuchinja uye vanozvimiririra zvishoma kudarika vanotungamira, vakawanda vanovimba nevanhu vashoma kana vatungamiri.
Sei vanhu vakawanda vachida kutevedzera, kutevedzera, kutevera mumwe munhu? Vakawanda vedu tinofunga kuti mararamiro edu akarurama kana tikaona vamwe vanhu vachiita nenzira yakafanana. Isu tinozvifungidzira kuti kana vanhu vazhinji vachiita zvakafanana, saka vanofanira kuziva chimwe chinhu chatinacho. Nenzira imwe neimwe, iyi maitiro inobatanidza nehutano hwekuzvidzivirira. Nenzira, simba redu rekutevedzera rinoratidzirwa kunyange pahutano hwepamweya uye hwepfungwa. Yeuka kutapukisa ndiko kuona kwekucheka kana kuseka. Uye zvakaoma sei kurwisa kuti usasvetuka kana kumuseka.
"Utachiona" hwakasimba zvikuru zvokuti dzimwe nguva hunoita kuti zvive nemigumisiro yakaipa. Somuenzaniso, pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, madzimai maduku akadzungira mumwe mushure muimba yekuFrance yeimba. Uye vakatora zvikwereti nehupenyu, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, bedzi pachigamba muimba yekugezera. Dambudziko rokuzviuraya rakaramba richienderera kusvikira mumwe munhu akafunga kuti aite kuedza kubuda kunze kwemasvingo: nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero dzimwe nzira dzekufa vasikana dzaiita sedzisakanaka, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti ivo vakararama kusvika pakukwegura kwazvo.
Izvo zvinoshandiswa nevanhu kuti vatevedzere zvinoshandiswa nevafungidziri vepfungwa vanoverengeka. Saka, mapurogiramu mapembi "munyu" awo makapu nemichindwe nemari yakawanda, inofungidzirwa kuti yakatosiyiwa nevamwe vanhu, vachitikurudzira kutevera muenzaniso wavo. Kazhinji, nzira idzi dzinoshandiswa mukushambadzira, kushevedza kutengwa kwechigadzirwa chemiti kana chimwe chave chichigamuchirwa nevamwe vatengi. Mumitambo yekuterevhizheni, vanonyora pasi kuseka, "zvinoreva" kwatinoda kuseka. Vanyori vezvematongerwo enyika nokuda kwechikonzero chakafanana, pasinei nezera remakore matsva, vanoda kusarudza rallies: boka revanhu zviri nyore kuisa pfungwa chero ipi zvayo kune mumwe munhu.
Shandura 180 degrees
Asi tinoda kuchinja here? Mukupedzisira, havasi vose vanogona kuva vatungamiriri here? Tichafanira kuchinja. Upenyu hwemazuva ano hunokonzera matambudziko matsva kuvanhu, achivakurudzira kuti vanzwe uye vaite zvakasiyana. Kutanga, nyika inotevera nzira yehurumende, yekuvandudzwa kwevanhu semunhu. Chikonzero chechipiri ishanduko yezvesayenzi uye yezvigadzirwa zvekare, uye munguva yekushandura kwekutsvaga ruzivo mumwe anofanira kunge achikwanisa kufamba, funga zvakasununguka. Uye chechitatu ndiyo mamiriro emisika. Nhasi, mushamba wezvinhu nezvinhu zvekugadzirisa zvakanyanya. Somugumisiro, chete avo avo vakasiyana, vega kana, sevashandi vezvehupfumi vanoti, vakawedzera kukosha, vari kukwikwidzana. Vanhu vakasika chete ndivo vanogona kugadzira ichi chiwedzerwa chiwedzerwa - havasi vatevedzeri, asi vanotanga, avo kuburikidza nepfungwa dzavo dziri kutungamirira, kwete kutungamirirwa. Hazvishamisi iye zvino muWestern Europe uye America kune mabhuku akawanda, mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa, basa riri kuitwa kuti kuwedzere nhamba yevanhu vanoita basa.
Kuti kuwedzere nhamba yekutanga, vanhu vanofunga ivo ndezvekukurumidzira mune zvezvemari. Asi ichokwadi here? Zvichida kukwanisa "kudengenyeka" kana kuti "kuva nekodzero" mukati medu kunowanikwa mune zvakasikwa? Mumwe haafaniri kufunga kuti chiito, hutungamiri hune unhu husina hanya. Ichokwadi, ne "proactivity gene" vanhu vose vanozvarwa. Pakuguma, mbeu yese kuitira kuti ivhunze mazai inofanira kunge yakawedzera zviuru zve "shamwari dzekukwikwidza." Zvadaro zvinotanga kurwisa kwepfungwa pamusoro peproactivity inherent matiri nemasikirwo. Chii chinonzi proactivity? Izvi zvinoreva kusununguka, basa uye mutoro. Munhu anogadzikana anotsvaka kuva chidzidzo, kwete chinhu chekuita. Maitiro ake anogadziriswa nemasarudzo ake, kwete nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Kutanga kwepfungwa kwekutanga kunowanikwa muchechi yepamusoro apo patinenge tiripo, tichimanikidzwa kudya panguva yakatarwa, tigare pasi pate panguva imwe chete neboka rese, nezvimwewo. "Mumwe mukurumbira wepfungwa wekuSwitzerland ainzi Jean Piaget, mumwe wevaki ve genetic psychology, akataura kuti mumakore mashanu ekutanga makore, vanhu vanotora mapurogiramu makumi mapfumbamwe ehupenyu, izvo zvinozochinja nguva yake. Uye iri pazera iri, kureva, muchechi yegoroke, kuti sangano redu rinopwanyika. Kutanga chikoro chapera. Kazhinji vabereki vanodururira mafuta pamoto, vachienzanisa vana vavo mu "zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa": "Sei vana vose vane vana, uye iwe une chinhu chakadaro? "Apo vakadzi vanobvunza kuti vangaitei kuti varege kudzokorora zvikanganiso zvevabereki vavo pakurera vana, ndinokukurudzira kuti usamboti" Iwe unogona sei! Zviri nani kugadzirisa zvaunotaura kumwana sezvinotevera: "Izvi hazvifaniri kuitika nemukomana wakangwara wakafanana newe!"
Zvisinei, munhu haafaniri kupa mhosva zvose zvedzidzo yedu yevabereki nevabereki, vanotambudzwa neSoviet kurera. Chiyero che 95% chevateveri uye 5% yevatungamiri vanochengeterwa munyika dzakawanda munhoroondo yevanhu. Iri "kurongeka" raive rakadikanwa pakuvapo kwehurumende, iyo, sezvinonzi inozivikanwa, imashini yekudzvinyirirwa uye kubviswa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akatanga kuchinja munguva ichangopfuura. Ndiyo imwe nyaya iyo nyika dzeEurope dzakapfuura mberi kweUkraine nenzira yekudemokrasi yevanhu, dzidzo yehukuru hune unhu uye unhu hwemutungamiri mumunhu. Nenzira, hutungamiri haufaniri kuongororwa chete mumamiriro ekutungamirira. Ichi chirevo chinosanganisirawo kukwanisa kwevanhu kutonga zvaanoda. Panguva imwecheteyo, anogona kuva pane chero chinzvimbo. Mukadzi wokuchenesa, uyo anoshanda muhofisi uye akasvika pakugumisa kuti kuchenesa rag akare munzvimbo yakadaro yakawanda iscool, akaenda kuchitoro chepurogi yakakodzwa ndokuzoendeswa kumukuru wekambani cheko chekubhadhara - ikozvino mutungamiriri panzvimbo yake.
Wakamuka, projectivity!
Tapindura mumwe mubvunzo weklasi, "Ndiani anokanganisa? ", Zvakakosha kupindura mumwe -" chii chaunofanira kuita? ". Kugadzira kambani inebupfumi, mutungamiriri anofanira kuita nenzira mbiri. Chokutanga, kukudziridza hutungamiri huri mavari, uye rwechipiri, mune vashandi vayo kuti vadzosere "rimwechete" rejena reproactivity. (Nenzira, Stephen Covey mubhuku rinonzi "Skills 7 People Highly Effective" akadana kuti proactivity yeimwe yenhu hunodiwa hwevanhu vanobudirira.). Iri haisi basa rakadaro risina musoro: vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanofunga kuti kana zvinhu zvinogamuchirwa zvakasikwa, zvino mumakore maviri kusvika matatu, munhu anokwanisa kuchinja maitiro ake, uye kubva muboka revateveri kune vanotungamira. Ini ndinogara ndichitaura mune hutungamiri kurovedza kuti mutungamiri uyo anokukoka vanhu vakanaka kuti vashandire mukambani yake yakanaka, iyo mune dzimwe nzira ingave yakakwirira kupfuura iye maererano neuchenjeri, unyanzvi, zvekare. Uye anopa vanhu chiedza chemavara, kuitira kuti vagone kuratidza unhu uhwu munzvimbo yavo.
Sezvo kune nzira iyi iri kubudirira, unogona kuratidza muenzaniso wemirairo miviri yakatarisana nevatungamiri. Saka, mutungamiri weAmerica weAmerica Jimmy Carter akashanda kwemaawa gumi nemaviri nemakumi matatu, mibvunzo yakawanda haina kuvimba nevatongi vake, akaedza kusarudza zvose zvaaida. Mutungamiri wemakumi mana - Ronald Reagan - akaita zvakasiyana. Akashanda kubva paawa 10 kusvika ku16, achigadzirisa chete matambudziko ezvakakosha, uye zvimwe zvose zvakapiwa boka revapurisa vezvematongerwo enyika, avo vakanyatsotsvakurudzwa mukati maawa matanhatu. Yaiva nzira yeReagan yakabvumira America kuti iite simba guru rezvematongerwo enyika.
Asi pano pane mubvunzo mumwechete: ungaita sei kuti avo vashandi vekutanga vasati "vagare kumusoro" mutungamiri iye pachake, uye akavapa chiedza chemavara? Mutungamiriri, uyo "akagara pasi", ndiye ane mhosva. Nokudaro, handina kuona zvido zvevashandi uye handina kuvabatsira kuti vashandise panguva, havana kusimbisa mamiriro ekurudzira. Mushure mezvose, kazhinji tinoparadza hukama nevanotanga nekuda kwehupenyu hwedu hwekunzwisisa.
Izwi rokuti "kuchenjera mupfungwa" pakati pemakore ekumazana makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekupedzisira yakatangwa neAmerican Daniel Goleman. Kuchenjerera kwepfungwa ndiko kukwanisa kwomunhu kududzira manzwiro avo nemanzwiro evamwe kuitira kuti vashandise ruzivo rwavakagamuchira kuti vaone zvinangwa zvavo. Ave adzidza makambani anenge 500 munyika dzakasiyana siyana kwemakore gumi nemashanu, akaratidza kuti mafungiro emutungamiri, kuumbwa kwema microclimate akanaka mumutambo zvakabatana zvakananga nekubudirira kwebasa uye kuti iyo kambani inoshandisa kugadzira vanhu vakachenjera vanogona kugadzira zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa, iyo yakataurwa pamusoro apa.
Kufamba kuUtungamiri
Nzira yekukudziridza unyanzvi hweutungamiri iwe pachako? Kuti uve wekutanga, iwe unofanira kutanga uchichera mumweya wako pachako. Iwe unoda kuwana chikonzero chekusachengeteka. Danho rokutanga nderekudzokorora chiitiko chekare chakakutungamirira iwe kuhurumende iyi. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvinorwadza. Danho repiri nderekuisa chinangwa chakakosha. (SMART inotsanangurwa yakaitwa kubva pamabhii makuru echiRungu mazwi: chaiwo, anoenzanisika, anobudirira, anoyevedza, anogadziriswa. Iri shoko rinoreva imwe yenzira dzekugadzirisa zvinangwa zvenguva pfupi). Iwe unonyora pasi pepazvidi izvo chaizvo zvaunoda kuzadzika uye mumashoko api. Somugumisiro, iwe uri, sezvakange uri, kuronga iwe pachako kuti uite chinangwa ichi. Uye danho rechitatu nderekuenderera mberi kumiganhu yenzvimbo yako yekunyaradza. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuzvitaurira kuti wakagadzirira matambudziko.
Zvinotoshamisa , kuzvirongedza iwe pachako kuti uwane chinangwa chinoshanda. Ndizvo chete nokuti munhu anotanga kutsvaga nzira dzokuzviita. Uye semugumisiro, mikana mitsva inooneka. Sezvavanotaura, kugogodza uye iwe uchasvinudzwa.
Asi nekurera kwehutungamiri, kutanga maitiro, unodawo rubatsiro rwekunze, mafungiro akanaka evaya vakakupoteredza. Munhu "aritimeti yepakati" yevashanu vevanhu vake vepedyo. Saka, nyatsocherechedza ari kukupoteredza. " Nenzira, nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete, inorayirwa kuti ugare kure nevarasikirwa uye whiners, zvisinei kuti ivo vachafanirwa kuiswa mukati mavo "mavhareti aritemu. Zvisinei, kuchinja nzvimbo yako, kutora vanhu vachakutsigira uye kukusimudzira, uye kwete kudonha, basa racho harisi nyore. Pashure pezvose, kwete chete isu tinosarudza, asiwo isu. Saka, kuitira kuti uwane vanhu "vakarurama", zvinokosha, pakutanga, kuzvishandura iwe pachako.
Uye "chigamba" chokupedzisira pakuvaka hutungamiri hune maitiro mukati mako ndechokudzidza zvakajeka, kusanganisa zvaunotarisira nezvirevo. Zvimwe chete, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chikuru, iwe unoda kuzvirumbidza zvishoma, zvisina maturo, kubata. Kana zvisina kudaro, hutungamiri hwakadaro hunoshanduka kuva hunoparadza, uye, pakupedzisira, hunotanga kukuvadza munhu. Hazvirevi chinhu chavanotaura kuti vanhu vose vakanyatsonaka vari nyore. Uye kana tikanamatira kune mazano ose, ipapo mumwe nomumwe wedu achakwanisa kusvika kumatenga edu.