Nhaka inodiwa uye inofadza
Haisi chakavanzika chekuti dzidzo yedu yepamusoro inotora nhaka kubva kuSoviet Union ine zvishoma kushandurwa uye kuwedzerwa. Uyewo, Soviet system yakawana zvakawanda kubva kuTsarist Russia, kusanganisira vazhinji vevadzidzisi. Vyunivhesiti yeU.SR yakashanda kwenguva yakareba pamusoro pehupfumi hwevanhu vekare, pre-revolutionary, uye nheyo dzetsika dzeProfesa Preobrazhensky, nokuti kwakanga kusina nzvimbo yekutora zvitsva. Nokudaro, nenzira, sangano rehurumende re "mutsika" nemunhu ane diploma, kunyange izvi zviri nyore kujekesa, nokuti tsika inoumbwa kubva paudiki, mumhuri, uye pashure payo - kuchikoro, uye jaya rinofanira kusvika kune munhu akakura.
Diploma yepamusoro-soro haina kuita kuti munhu ave nehunyanzvi
Asi dzidzo yepamusoro yeSoviet inoshuva kuwanikwa kune vose: naizvozvo hutsika yevashandi vevashandi vemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi masere, avo vakakurumidza kukurumidza kuvigira vashandi vaduku ruzivo kuti vakanga vasina kugamuchira kuchikoro kuitira kuti vagozopinda yunivhesiti. Zvadaro basa rimwechete rakaitwa nemasikati masangano. Kusagadzikana kwetsika pakati pevadzidzi kwakabviswa: saka, pakutanga kwehondo, muna 1941, 58% yevadzidzi mumayunivhesiti eU.SR vaiva vasikana. Zvisinei, kubatikana uku kwakave nezvimwe zvipfeko. Somuenzaniso, munyika yose kune hukama hwakananga pakati pezvidzidzo zvevabereki nevana: kana baba naamai vane dzidzo yepamusoro, mwana wacho angangodaro anoda kuigamuchira uye mhuri inomubatsira munzira dzose.
MuSoviet Union, kuvimba uku kwaive kwakanyanya kusimba, uye vazhinji vaishamisika kana nhasi zvakakosha kuva nedzidzo yepamusoro. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti dziyunivhesiti ine nhamba zhinji dzezvibatsiro mune zvehupfumi kana nyika, semuenzaniso, kune vashandi. Mune dzimwe nguva dzeSoviet, kuvimba pakati pemudzidzisi wevabereki nevana kwave kuchiwedzera. Zvechokwadi, kunyange muma1950, avo vakapinda mumayunivhesiti vakazadza mibvunzo yaisanganisira mibvunzo pamusoro penyika uye zvemagariro evanhu, uyewo: "Chii chakaitwa nevabereki vako vasati vasvika 1917?" Ichi chiitiko - chiziviso chinowanikwa mukubatanidzwa nekuzviisa zvakananga pane zvehutano - Chikoro chekuUkreniya chakagara nhaka, zvisinei, ikozvino kusagadzikana kwehutano kwevanhu kwakave kusagadzikana mune zvehupfumi.
Hazvina mhosva kuti vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa zvakadini, kudzvinyirira, kubuda kune dzimwe nzara, nzara uye hondo, ndeye "varindi vekare" uye vadzidzi vavo vakananga kuti kubudirira kweSaitiya sayenzi yakabatanidzwa kusvika kuma70. Asi hurumende itsva yaida, kutanga, vatsva vezvematongerwo enyika, uye nokukurumidza, uye chechipiri, vagari vakavimbika, nezvimwe. Nokudaro, nhamba yemayunivhesiti mumaSoviet yakawedzerwa pamwero wakakura (somuenzaniso, kubvira muna 1927 kusvikira muna 1930 yakakura kubva 129 kusvika 600 - inenge kaviri!), Asi maererano nehutano, huri huvunivhesiti dzimwe nguva dzakasiya zvakawanda zvingadiwa. Izvi zvainyanya kushungurudzwa nezvinodiwa nevanhu (vazivi, vanyori vezvakaitika kare, vafiloji, vazivi vezvematongerwo enyika vakatambura nekudzvinyirira), uye ichi chakareka chinyorwa chaicho kwete kwete chete yeSoviet yesayenzi asiwo ye post-Soviet sayenzi: zvose zvakawanikwa mune zvepfungwa nemagariro evanhu, semafungiro matsva, munhau uye uzivi, hwakaumbwa pasina isu. Sociology muSoviet Union yakanga isiri - kwaive nemangoro chete. Ndokusaka dzidzo dzakafanana mumunda wezvedzidzo hazvina kukwana - masayendisiti haasisina dheta rakakwana.
"Uye pamwe naKolya naVera, vose vanaamai ndivo vanjiniya"
"Vana physicist" muSoviet Union vainyanya kukoshesa zvikuru "nyanzvi", uye vashandi vekushandisa zvakasiyana-siyana - pamusoro pemasayendisiti anodzidza. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi ichocho, kuti, kubva muna 1949 kusvika muna 1979, nhamba yevunivhesiti yepamayunivhesiti nedhipatimendi yeinjiniya yakawedzera kubva 22 kusvika ku49% yezvose zvakabuda! Unogona kufungidzira inenge hafu yevanjiniya vomunyika here? Zvechokwadi, vazhinji vavo vakasiya perestroika yavo vasina basa. Uye zvinhu zvose zvakatanga zvakanakisisa uye zvepabonde: kutanga kwezera remakore, kurota kwe interstellar ndege, atomu yorugare, kukunda kwezvisikwa ... Zvakanaka zvingava zvakaipa, asi shanduko yenhema-mupfungwa yakazara - yaiva tsika yevanhu mumakore makumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe. Ichokwadi kuti vechidiki vakarota kuti vazviratidze "pamberi" uye, zvechokwadi, hazvina kukwana kumunhu wose.
Zvinhu zvinobva mukushanduka kukuru muhutano hwevanhu, kana zvakanyanya mumafungiro ayo kune dzidzo yepamusoro, inofanirwa kutsvaga zvakanyatsoitika mumakore "epagnant" uye perestroika. Munguva iyi, huwandu hwakakunda huni: hutano hwekudzidzisa mumayunivhesiti ayo akazopedzisira asisina kukwanisa kwekutanga kwezana remakore, zvakanyanya kuderera, uye "kudzvinyirira kwezvinyorwa zvemunhu" zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaita kuti kuongororwa kwekukosha kwezvidzidzo zvakadaro. Mhuri dzakangwara dzichiri kutenda mukudiwa kwekudzidza, asi dzakawanda dzakaziva kuti "kutumbuka" hakudi kubatsirwe ne zivo, uye zvechokwadi haibatsiri kubudirira. Ichi chakanga chisati chave shanduko - kuchinja kwakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi.
"Pose paunodzidza, usangodzidza"
Zvinoshusha, "kusvitsa makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mana" kwakaratidzirwa nechisimba chisati chaitika mune zvekudzidzisa dzidzo yepamusoro: nhamba yemayunivhesiti uye vadzidzi vakawedzerwa kaviri kana katatu uye vanoramba vachikura. Chinhu chacho, zvichida, ndechekuti diploma yepamusoro-soro yakavimbiswa zvishoma kana mukana muduku wekuwana basa rakanaka raibhadharwa - panguva iyoyo vaibata uye kwete yezvidimbu zvakadaro. Hongu, uye kushambadzira kwevunivhesiti kwakatungamirira kukuti ivo vakawedzera vadzidzi vasina kuita nemigumisiro yezvidzidzo.
Dzidzo dzepamusoro dzichiitawo chimwe chinhu chinokosha chinodiwa nevanhu: "yakachengeteka", umo vechidiki vanogona "kuiswa" panguva yebasa rayo guru, kuitira kuti rirege kutungamirira simba rayo rinosimba nechisimba kuti rive munharaunda isingadikanwi - somuenzaniso, mukurwisana kwevanhu, iyo mikana yekuti munguva yekushandura yakakura. Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvina nguva dzose zvichishanda, asi isu tose tine, kakawanda kudarika kumavirira, apo vadzidzi vakasununguka kuronga nguva yavo yekudzidzisa, uye naizvozvo vakasununguka, zvakare. Mhirizhonga yevadzidzi muEurope mumakumi matanhatu emakore mufananidzo wakajeka wei simba revechidiki rinokwanisa. Zvisinei, dzidzo yeSoviet, uye pashure pacho iyo post-Soviet, yakagara ichiedza kutsvedza vadzidzi kuti vave nehutano hwakasimba uye kuzadza nguva yavo yose nemitoro inenge isingagoni kuoma. Mukuchengetedzeka kwakadaro mudzidzi, kunyanya kufunga nekuzvidavirira, ndezvokuchengetedza vamwe.
Basa rakachengeteka remayunivhesiti raikosha kwatiriwo nokuti vechidiki kudzidza kunoreva kudzoka kubva kune vakawanda vasingazivikanwi neuto, uye kuvasikana vanopa mukana wokuroorana nekubudirira (hazvisi ngozi, inoti, inenge yose mafilafs ainzi "masimba emwenga") uye kazhinji, dzidzo uye kupedza. Mune rimwe shoko, mabasa ose echipiri ehurumende yepamusoro akauya mberi, pamutengo weiyo huru. "Kwose kwaunodzidza, kana iwe usingadzidze," - vazhinji vanosvika vanobva pane izvi.
Mukuwedzera , hurongwa hwepamusoro-soro hwakagara huchitambudzwa nemafambisirwo akadai kune aya kana kuti izvozvi: kana kukoromoka kweSoviet Union kwakasara mazana ezviuru evanjiniya pasina nzira yehupenyu, zvino nekutangira kwemireniyamu itsva, magweta uye vatapi venhau vaisazodikanwa. Pakupera kwemakore gumi ekutanga ezana remakore rechi21, takatarisana neimwe dambudziko - dambudziko revanhu. Yaiva nguva yekupinda dzidzo yepamusoro yezvikoro zvevana vakaberekerwa muhafu yekutanga yemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, uye iyi ndiyo nguva ye "demographic pits". Kune zvakawanda zvisingakwanisi kupinda kune zvikoro mumayunivhesiti, ndiko kuti, dzidzo yedu inonzi saruzhinji, asi izvi hazvikurudziri tariro. Zvingangodaro, kuderedzwa kwekudiwa mune ramangwana kuchaita kuti kuderera kwekugovera.
MuUkraine, zvinopfuura 900 masangano emadzimai ane III - IV mazinga ekubvumirwa. Izvi zvinopfuura kungodiwa. Kana chiitiko chichienderera mberi, uye munguva yemberi tinogona kutarisira kuyerwa kwekudzidza kwepamusoro, uye vashandi havazotarisiri ku diploma, asi kune zvimwe zvikonzero. Uye vanogona kuva chinhu: zvepabonde, zera, zvematongerwo enyika kana zvepabonde ... Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinoitika zvave zvatoonekwa: zvizhinji zviziviso zvebasa zvinoda vashanduri kwete chete ma diplomas, asi ma diplomas emamwe masangano ezvidzidzo anogara achifarira simba. Vamwe vashandi vanosarudza vachida, vanoti, avo vari pasi pemakore makumi matatu (kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakwegura vachiwanzogamuchira dzidzo yakanyanya) kana vagari veimwe nzvimbo.
Takatarirana mumwe nomumwe chiso nechiso: chakanga chisina maturo kugamuchira diploma nekuda kwedhipatimendi pachayo. Kudzidza haisi zvinhu zvose uye kwete zvose. Uye dzidzo inofanira kunge yakasiyana - inogadziriswa uye inogadziriswa kune zvinodiwa kwete kunyange nhasi asi mangwana. Kubva ku "zapendi" kunofanira kuva nechokubuda. Tagara takagara mairi kwenguva refu.