Zvishoma nezvishoma
Kanzera yemaperembudzi pachigamba chepakutanga kazhinji inowanzosvibiswa. Pane imwe nguva, hemoptysis inogona kuitika, pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvinotevera:
- kuramba uchikanganiswa;
- kurwadziwa mubhokisi;
- kuramba kana kupfurikidza nekuputika mawere;
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- wheezing;
- hoarseness of voice;
- kuyerwa kwemuviri;
- kusava nenzara;
- kuneta;
- kurwadziwa mufudzi kana ruoko.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzobatanidzwa nekupararira kwemasitasisita - kubuda kwekenza masero kune dzimwe nhengo kuburikidza neropa uye lymph vessels. Semuenzaniso, kupararira kwemarara mumapfupa kunogona kufambidzana nekurwadziwa kukuru uye kuputika, chiropa chechiropa chinowanzokonzera ascites uye jaundice, uye muuropi - kuchinja maitiro. Iyo yakawanda yezviitiko zvemukenza wemapapu zvinosanganiswa nekuputa. Chirwere chinotyisa chemukenza wemapapu, zviratidzo zvekurapa zvinowanzoonekwa pane imwe nhanho yakaoma yechirwere.
Kusvuta
Dambudziko rekuwedzera dumbu rinowedzera nekuwedzera kwenhamba yefodya yakasvuta zuva nezuva nekureba kwekusvuta. Zvisinei, inowedzera kuderedzwa nekuregererwa kwemaitiro aya anokuvadza. Kuputira utsi hwefodya nevasina tsvina (izvo zvinonzi kusasvuta fodya) kunowedzera mikana yechirwere ichi inenge 15%. Kushandura kubva mumidzanga kusvika kumapayipi anosvuta kusvuta kana kuti fodya zvinoderedza njodzi, asi inoramba yakakwirira kudarika yevasingaiti.
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo
Chikamu chiduku chemawere emapapu emapapu chinosanganiswa nekusvibiswa mukati memhepo, pamwe nekuputika kweguruva remabhizimisi ane zvinyorwa zveasbestos, arsenic, chromium, iron oxide, tar epira uye zvinhu zvinopisa.
Secondary tumors
Kuipa kwehumwe mune dzimwe nhengo, somuenzaniso, zvipembenene zvinyoro kana kuti prostate, zvinogona kuendeswa nekuumbwa kwechirwere chechipiri mumapapu nezviratidzo zvakafanana.
Morbidity
Varume, kuwedzera kune vakadzi, vanopinda kenza yemapapu katatu kakawanda, asi mutsauko uyu unoderera nekuwedzera kwenhamba yevakadzi vanosvuta. Pakati pezvikonzero zvinokonzera kufa kwevakadzi kubva pamukenza, iyi mhando yekenza inowedzera yechipiri mushure mekenza yepabonde. Kuongororwa kwemukenza wemapapu kunowanzobva kune anamnesis uye mishonga yekliniki yekuongorora. Mukuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvepermonary, zvakakosha kubhadhara zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona, kuderera kwemisumbu uye nerve fibers, anemia, thrombosis, kuchinja muzvikamu, kuputika kweganda. Zviratidzo izvi mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinosangana nekuchinja kwakaipa mumapapu.
Kutinhira kwephalanges yeminwe
Kuomesa kwemagumo phalanges yeminwe nezvigunwe (semidziyo ")" zvinowanikwa mu30% yemakenza emapapu emapapu, asi inowanikwa mune zvimwe zvirwere, semuenzaniso, muhutano hwemwoyo.
Mhando yemukenza wemapapu
Small cell carcinoma ndiyo yakanyanya kukuvadza uye inokura nokukurumidza. Inoratidzira kusvika 20-30% yezviitiko zvose zvekenza yemapapu. Iyo inobva kuhomoni-inobudisa masero, saka mune dzimwe nguva dzimwe zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutano. Non-small cell carcinoma iboka remakumbo anoratidzwa nekukura kwekukura. Dzinosanganisira:
- squamous cell carcinoma;
- ganda-rakaiswa mvere;
- alveolar cancer;
- adenocarcinoma yemapapu (tumarara inobatanidza nekuputika kweAsbestos, uyewo inowanzoonekwa kune vasiri kusvuta).
Nokuda kwekuongororwa kwemukenza wemapapu, zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa:
- Chifukidzo X-ray - inobvumira kuziva zvirwere nezvakakura zve 1-2 cm (zvipembenene zviduku zvishoma hazvizivikanwe nemavhidhiyo). Panguva yekutangira kwezviratidzo, 90% emapupa emapapu anotaridzirwa nejasography;
- computed tomography - inobvumira kuziva maitiro maduku, asi mamwe acho angaramba asingachenzwi kana achishandisa nzira iyi;
- magnetic resonance scanning - inopa kuonekwa kwakanaka kwechirwere uye nhengo dzakakura dzakareba dziri pedyo nemidziyo mikuru yemapapu.
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy inzira yekudzidza nzira dzomugwagwa uchishandisa chipinha chakaoma-fiber optic device - bronchoscope. Inogonawo kushandiswa kuenzanisa mhando yezvipembenene zve bronchogenic uye masero anoputika kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepapu yekuongorora ma laboratory.
Nguva yokuputika
Muchikamu chechidzidzo ichi, tsvina ine tsvina yakaiswa mubhokisi chechifu pasi pe X-ray kana kuti CT inoshandiswa kutora mhando yechinyorwa kubva pakusungurudzika kwekugadzirisa. Kufanirwa kwevamwe vanhu vane chirwere chemapapu emapapu hakunzwisisiki, zvisinei, kana chirwere ichionekwa pachigamba uye pasina mastases, kupindira kwekuvhiya kunogona kutungamirira kune mushonga. Nzira yakasarudzwa kune varwere vane huwandu hwekushaya simba kwepermonary work is high-dose radiation therapy. Kune vanorwara vanofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma squamous cell tumor, zvose chirwere uye radiotherapy nzira dzinogona kubudirira.
Kupindira kwokupindira
Mushonga unonyanya kushandiswa wemukati mutsva wekenza yemapapu kwete chirwere chekuita chirwere, asi zvakakodzerwa chete ne20% yevarwere, ane makore mashanu ekupona kwemazana chete 25-30%. Ngozi yekufa inokonzerwa nokuvhiyiwa inonyanya kukwirira kune varwere vakwegura kupfuura makore makumi matanhatu. Vazhinji vavo vanoputa uye kazhinji vane zvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere zvekufema, zvakadai sebronchitis uye emphysema.
Chemotherapy
Small cell carcinoma ndiyo chete mhando yemukenza wemapapu umo chemotherapy inokurudzirwa, asi kubudirira kwayo kunogona kurarama kwenguva pfupi. Ivhareji inotarisirwa kurarama kwevarwere vane chemotherapy ndeye mwedzi gumi mushure mekupera kwekurapwa (kuenzaniswa nemwedzi mina isina chemotherapy). Vanenge 10 muzana yevarwere vane chirwere chekenza zvishoma vanopona 2-3 makore mushure mekurapa.
Nzira dzokurapwa kwemukenza wemapapu dzinosanganisira:
Uye kupindira kwekuvhiya - kubviswa kwechirwere chekutanga (pasina kusangana kwemasastases uye mamiriro anogutsa omurwere);
- Radiation therapy - inonyanya kukosha mukurapwa kwemakumbo asingagoneki;
- Chemotherapy ndiyo nzira inokosha yekurapa kenza yemukenza mutsvuku.
Inopera Cancer
Kuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu evarwere vasina tariro, zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa:
- kuiswa kwe stent shoma kuti ichengetedze kubwinya kwebhonchial tubes yakadzivirirwa nechirwere;
- kubudiswa kwemavhiringiki emishonga zvakananga mubronchi;
- radiation therapy with small doses of radiation to relieve the pain of the bone, corneal severe and hemoptysis;
- kusarudzwa kwe-steroids kunatsiridza kudya;
- kushandiswa kwe morphine nedzimwe shanduro dzinonyangadza zvekurwadziwa.